Abstract
When drought occurs during the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) sowing period, emergence will most likely be affected. We evaluated a diverse panel of 373 plant introductions under controlled environmental conditions for primary root length (PRL) (at 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% pot water holding capacity (PWHC); pots filled with potting soil that contained Sphagnum peat moss (>50%), bark, and perlite), and time taken for radicle emergence (TRE). The PRL decreased ≥75% at 40% PWHC, compared to 100, 80, and 60% PWHC. No genotypes germinated at 20% PWHC. We identified superior genotypes in terms of PRL and TRE, and found a positive relationship between PRL and emergence that became stronger with decreases in soil moisture levels. This indicates the importance of PRL in improving emergence, which becomes greater with decreases in soil moisture levels or increases in severity of drought. Seed weight was not related to PRL and emergence, indicating that larger seeds will not necessarily have longer PRL and better emergence. As the soybean panel used in this study was previously assessed for traits associated with drought tolerance at the late-vegetative and flowering stages, and the present study assessed it for putative traits related with emergence under various soil moisture conditions, the panel will become an important resource for soybean improvement.
Highlights
The specific objectives of this research were to (1) evaluate a diverse panel of 373 soybean plant introductions (PI)’s for primary root length (PRL) (under five different moisture levels: 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% pot water holding capacity (PWHC)) and time taken for radicle emergence (TRE), (2) identify genotypes with increased PRL and that quickly produce a radicle, and (3) determine whether there is any relationship among emergence, PRL, and seed weight
As the present research provides additional information on the panel related to drought tolerance of the genotypes during the planting period, it increases the usefulness of the panel in soybean breeding for drought tolerance
The present study evaluated a diverse soybean panel of 373 PI’s for PRL under five different moisture levels (100, 80, 60, 40, and 20% PWHC) and TRE, identified genotypes with increased PRL and that quickly produced a radicle, and found a positive relationship between PRL and emergence that became stronger with decreases in soil moisture levels
Summary
Merr.) is the most important oilseed and one of the most important and affordable protein sources worldwide [1]. Soybean is used as a whole seed for direct human food or is crushed for oil and meal. Soybean oil is the second most widely used vegetable oil in the world, and soybean meal accounts for 70% of global protein meal consumption [1]. The United States is the largest soybean producer in the world. Soybean is one of the most planted field crops in the United
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