Abstract
The main objectives of present study are to evaluate the trace elements pollution in the sediment of the Tigris River and drainage canals in Wasit Governorate, Iraq. Assessment of trace elements pollutants were conducted for 18 sediment samples collected in March 2017. Trace elements were analyzed in sediment Tigris River samples in Wasit Governorate. This metal pollution was evaluated using geo-accumulation (I-geo) index, Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). According to these statistical indices, the sediments collected from Tigris River in the study area are highly polluted with Titanium (71.9 ppm), Nickel (226.6 ppm) Chromium (425.2 ppm), Cadmium (2ppm) and Molybdenum (15.8 ppm) while the sediments were moderately polluted with Cobalt (25.1 ppm), Strontium (839.3 ppm), Copper (56.2), Manganese (106.1ppm), Vanadium (135 ppm), Niobium (9.79 ppm). However, the sediments of the Tigris River is not polluted by Lead, Barium, Gallium, Rubidium and, Zinc. Metals concentration levels in the sediments of the drainage canals that discharged into the Tigris River showed higher concentrations than the Tigris sediments in Ta, V, Ni, Cu, Ga, Br, Sr and Mo.
Highlights
Trace elements are introduced into river water either autochthonous or through anthropogenic sources introduced into river water (1)
The results of this study supply valuable information around some trace elements contents of sediment from different sites along Tigris River in Wasit Governorate, and we can conclude that: the grain size analysis of the sediments from the river., its branches and drainages canals are mainly silt and clay,where the clay constitute between 47.758.6%, first rank in the term of the relative distribution while silt ranges between 36.8-44.2% and sand ranges between 4.2% - 8.4% respectively .The X- Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the presence of non-clay minerals: quartz, calcite, dolomite, gypsum and feldspar (Plagioclase and Albite) with clay minerals: Kaolinite, Palygorskite, Mica, and Chlorite, in the sediment of Tigris River
Chemical analyses of trace elements in sediments reflected the effect of anthropogenic activity on the autogenic occurrence
Summary
Trace elements are introduced into river water either autochthonous or through anthropogenic sources introduced into river water (1). Heavy metals may be incorporated into the aquatic system from anthropogenic sources such as solid and liquid wastes of industries. Pollution of rivers and its sediments are caused by toxic pollutants that have plant pipes and major industrial projects are liquid, solid or gas, as well as car exhaust and products of fuel combustion and produced elements are added to the environment, which are harmful or toxic when they are released directly and without treatment. The importance of the river for different uses as well as no past or pervious environmental study assessments of Wasit Governorate especially on toxic heavy metals and discharges of these pollutant in to Tigris River directly without any treatment, the main objective of this study is evaluate the pollution of heavy elements of the Tigris River sediments in this area
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