EVALUATION OF SOME SAFETY TREATMENTS ON ROOT ROT DISEASES, GROWTH AND YIELD POD QUALITY OF PEA (Pisum sativum, L.)

Abstract

The present study was carried out during two winter seasons of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 at Kaha Vegetable Research Station (Qalubia Governorate), Horticulture Research Institute, AgricultureResearchCenter (A R C), Egypt. Foliar and soil applications of several natural safety materials as sodium meta silicate (Na2SiO35H2O) at 1g/L., salicylic acid (Dihydroxybenzoic acid) at 1 g/ L., Potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3) at 5g/ L., Thyme oil (Thymus vulgaris) at 1.0 ml + 1.0 ml/ L. acetone. Synthetic fungicides as Sumi Eight 5 % (Diniconazole 5 %)-[(E)-(RS)-1-(2,4- Dichlorophenyl)-4,4-Dimethyl-2 (1H- 1,2,4-triazol-1-YL) Pent-1-en-3-ol.] at 0.325 ml/ L. and Topas 100 Ec 10 % (Penconazole 10 %)-[(1-(2,4-dichloro-B-Propylphenethyl)-1H- 1,2,4-Triazole] at 0.25 ml/ L., on vegetative growth and yield and its components as well as study the impact of these materials on resistance of root diseases as Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani. Fungi isolated from the site of the experiment were Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani. The aforementioned treatments significantly decreased disease severity being more effective after Sumi Eight 5 %, Topas 100 Ec 10 % and Sodium meta silicate, the lowest effect, however, was recognized for Thyme oil. The results showed that spray foliar and soil treatments with Sodium meta silicate, Salicylic acid and Potassium bicarbonate produced the most promising effect on vegetative growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, fresh and dry weights/ plant). Total green pod yield (ton/ fed.) and its components i.e. number of pods/ plant, average pod weight, number of seeds/ pod, fresh weight of 100 seeds, pod length and diameter, shell out % of fresh green pod and total soluble solids (%) as well as chemical composition of foliage content of the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (%) and leaf content of total chlorophyll followed by treating pea plants with Sumi Eight 5 % and Topas 100 Ec10 %. Thyme oil produced poor effect over all parameters in two winter seasons in most of characters when compared to the control (Distilled water). Furthermore, the average increment of the total yield in two winter seasons could be attributed to foliar and soil applications in descending order by the treatments of (Sodium meta silicate, Salicylic acid, Potassium bicarbonate, Sumi Eight 5 %, Topas 100 Ec10 % and Thyme oil,), total yield % was (36.37, 33.32, 29.09, 23.06, 8.36 and 6.03 %), respectively compared to the control treatment. Resistance to root rot disease as shown in this study by various biotic and abiotic treatment was correlated to the pathogen related protein bands, or the so called PR protein, being visible at 52 KD. Molecular and biochemical detections show that Si can activate the expression of defense-related genes and may play important role in the transduction of plant stress signal such as salicylic acid, Potassium bicarbonate, Thyme oil, Sumi Eight 5 % and Topas 100 Ec10 %.