Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy of DMSA and DMPS in treatment of lead toxicity in albino rats. One hundred twenty male albino rats were divided into four groups (30 each). The first was used as control, the 2nd group was exposed to lead acetate in drinking water (100 ppm) for 12 weeks, the 3rd group was exposed to lead acetate as in 2nd group together with DMSA (135 mg/kg bworally by intubation) and the 4th group was exposed to lead acetate as in 2nd group together with DMPS (200 mumol/kg bw IP). The result revealed that the RBCs count showed a significant decrease in 2nd group while in 3rd and 4th was recorded in the last 10th and 12th weeks. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) showed a significant decrease at the 6th - 12th week in 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups haematocrit percent (%) showed significant decrease in 2nd & 4th groups all over the study and in 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th weeks in 3rd group. Haemoglobin level showed a significant decrease in 2nd and in 8th, 10th and 12th weeks in 4th and only at 12th in 3rd. A significant decrease in MCH values was recorded 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups. WBCs count showed a significant increase in 2nd, 4th weeks in group 2nd and 3rd while decreased at 10th & 12th weeks. In 4th group, a significant decrease was noticed at 6th, 8th, 10th and 12th weeks. Serum AST and ALT showed a significant decrease at the 12th week in 2nd and increase at the 2nd week in both 3rd and 4th. Gamma-GT showed no significant change in 2nd in comparison with group 1. A significant decrease in 3rd and 4th was recorded at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th weeks in comparison with 1st & 2nd. The histopathological examination revealed a clear variance between group 2nd, 3rd and 4th. Most of the recorded lesions in the liver, kidney and brain of 2nd & 4th groups at severe or moderate degree were absent or in a mild form in group 3rd. In conlusion the two chelating agents (DMSA & DMPS) used run in nearly similar manner as every one has special advantages in treatment.
Highlights
Lead is ubiquitous in the environment, and it is used in a large variety of products
Lead binds sulfhydryl groups, resulting in inactivation of enzymes involved in heme synthesis, such as δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase (ALAD) and ferrochelatase, and causing red blood cell abnormalities (Abadin and Llados, 1999)
The only significant difference between group 3 and group 4 was at the 4th week in which RBCs count was within the normal value
Summary
Lead is ubiquitous in the environment, and it is used in a large variety of products. Lead shot may be a source of poisoning of domestic poultry and wild birds. It is most often seen in water fowl, such as ducks and geese, which swallow lead shot and fisherman’s sinkers from the bottom of lakes and ponds (Siddiqui and Gayatri, 2008). Lead binds sulfhydryl groups, resulting in inactivation of enzymes involved in heme synthesis, such as δ-Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase (ALAD) and ferrochelatase, and causing red blood cell abnormalities (Abadin and Llados, 1999). Lead causes anemia when it combines with red blood cells and bone marrow. It damages the small blood vessels, causing bleeding، and deprives the nerves, the brain and other organs of oxygen. These animals may appear healthy, but be growing poorly as a result of subclinical lead poisoning (Siddiqui and Gayatri, 2008)
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