Evaluation of Some Biomarkers in Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) Depending on Water and Sediment Pollution of Atatürk Dam Lake

Abstract

In this study, some environmental pollution parameters of the Atatürk Dam Lake which is Turkey's largest artificial lake and meeting the irrigation and energy needs of Adıyaman and Şanlıurfa were evaluated with some biochemical data in the carp living in the lake and consumed economically by the public. Water, sediment and fish samplings were done simultaneously from Kahta and Bozova districts, where the Atatürk Dam Lake is located. Residue analyzes of various metals in water, sediment and muscle of carp samples were carried out together with some physicochemical parameters in the water. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant scavenging capacity (TOSC) levels in liver, and activities of Na+/K+ATPase, Mg2+ATPase, Ca2+ATPase were determined in gill of the carp. As a result of the study, it was observed that Cd, Cr and Cu levels in water, Cd and Cu levels in sediment and Pb and Cd levels in carp exceeded the maximum acceptable concentrations. Among the biochemical parameters, oxidative stress index and TOSC level were found significantly higher in the liver of the fish in Kahta compared to those in Bozova. Na+/K+ATPase activity was significantly inhibited in the gill of the fish in Kahta. When all these pollution parameters and biochemical data are evaluated together, it can be said that the water, sediment and carp of Kahta are more contaminated with toxic metals than those in Bozova, and the carp are under oxidative stress, so they may be a threat to the health of the consumers hunted from this region.