Evaluation of Soluble PD-1 and PD-L1 in Iraqi Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Patients with Chronic Toxoplasmosis

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is an important opportunistic parasite in immunocompromised people. Globally, diabetes mellitus is one of the most challenging public health burdens of the 21st century. Both toxoplasmosis and diabetes are very common in Iraq and other countries. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the sero- prevalence of the anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies in Iraqi T2DM patients and to clarify the role of soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) and ( sPD-L1) in Iraqi T2DM patients with chronic toxoplasmosis. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti- T. gondii IgG antibodies in the sera of 180 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 163 apparently healthy controls. The results showed that 117(34%) samples of sera patients have been founded T2DM with toxoplasmosis, 63(18%) samples have T2DM, 55(16%) cases have control toxoplasmosis (those patients were had toxoplasmosis but showing no symptoms) and 108 (32%) cases samples were considered as a control group without any infections. Sera (sPD-1 and sPDL-1) levels were determined by ELISA using a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. The results showed that levels of sPD-1 and sPDL-1 levels were significantly higher in patients group than healthy subjects (P<0.01).