Abstract
Soil-structure interaction (SSI) could affect the seismic response of structures. Since liquid storage tanks are vital structures and must continue their operation under severe earthquakes, their seismic behavior should be studied. Accordingly, the seismic response of two types of steel liquid storage tanks (namely, broad and slender, with aspect ratios of height to radius equal to 0.6 and 1.85) founded on half-space soil is scrutinized under different earthquake ground motions. For a better comparison, the six considered ground motions are classified, based on their pulse-like characteristics, into two groups, named far and near fault ground motions. To model the liquid storage tanks, the simplified mass-spring model is used and the liquid is modeled as two lumped masses known as sloshing and impulsive, and the interaction of fluid and structure is considered using two coupled springs and dashpots. The SSI effect, also, is considered using a coupled spring and dashpot. Additionally, four types of soils are used to consider a wide variety of soil properties. To this end, after deriving the equations of motion, MATLAB programming is employed to obtain the time history responses. Results show that although the SSI effect leads to a decrease in the impulsive displacement, overturning moment, and normalized base shear, the sloshing (or convective) displacement is not affected by such effects due to its long period.
Highlights
Liquid storage tanks are important structures which have a key role in human lives
22.5% for slender tank under Chichi-TCU075-W earthquake, when the liquid storage tank rested on soil type 4
The mean reduction percentages of impulsive mass displacement, normalized overturning moment, and normalized base shear are 7.6%, 8.3%, and 7.9% for broad tank, and 10.4%, 9.9%, and 10.5% for slender tank, when the liquid storage tank rested on soil type 4
Summary
The major existing codes, regulations, guidelines, and recommendations—such as API (650, 620), AWWA (D100, D103, D110, D115), Eurocode 8 Part 4 (and Eurocode 3), UNI EN 14015, Covenin, IITK, ACI (350.3, 371.R), NZSEE, AIJ—for the seismic design of tanks are widely used, in some cases, the codes were not correctly applied or there are imperfections in the code requirements These structures have shown poor performance and failure modes during strong earthquakes—such as overturning, buckling, roof damage, sliding, uplift, different settlement, etc., which may cause liquid leakage and fire after an earthquake—as described, for example, in [1,2,3,4]. The effect of SSI on the seismic response of liquid storage tanks is studied under earthquake ground motions in the time domain. After solving the equations of motion in the time domain, the peak responses are obtained and compared with the ones without considering SSI
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