Abstract
Background and objectivesSleep disorders during pregnancy may be linked an increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality and duration in pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Materials and methodsThis prospective follow-up study was performed on 240 pregnant women with a gestational age between 20 to 24 weeks, who were referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari from 2018 to 2019 for prenatal care. The sleep quality of all eligible women were evaluated with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). During the 26 to 28 weeks of gestation, 1-hour and 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done for all women.ResultsThe results showed that women with poor sleep quality had a significantly higher mean BMI and 1-hour and 2-hour OGTT results (P < 0.05). Compared to women with good sleep quality, women with poor sleep quality (PSQI >5) had a greater risk of developing GDM (OR = 2.99, 95% CI 1.77 to 5.06). In women with sleep duration of less than 7 and more than 9 hours, the frequency of GDM was significantly higher than women with the 7–9 hour sleep duration (P < 0.05). Also, the frequency of GDM in women with three or more than three times of snoring in a week (63.44%) was significantly higher than women with once a week (30.61%) (P-value <0.001).ConclusionIt seems that sleep disorders and poor sleep quality can be a risk factor in developing GDM. Therefore, sleep characteristics should be considered in pregnancy care; especially in women with higher risk of GDM.
Highlights
Sleep disorders, especially short sleep duration (SSD) and poor sleep quality, are prevalent during pregnancy; due to hormonal changes, anxiety, and physical factors that are associated with pregnancy [1e4]
The results showed that women with poor sleep quality had a significantly higher mean body mass index (BMI) and 1-hour and 2hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results (P < 0.05)
Compared to women with good sleep quality, women with poor sleep quality (PSQI >5) had a greater risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
Summary
Especially short sleep duration (SSD) and poor sleep quality, are prevalent during pregnancy; due to hormonal changes, anxiety, and physical factors that are associated with pregnancy [1e4]. It is believed that the sleep disorders during pregnancy may be linked with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm delivery, preeclampsia, prolonged labor, and higher incidence of cesarean section [5e7]. From about the 12th week of pregnancy, difficulty in falling asleep, frequent awakenings, reduced nighttime sleepiness, and reduced sleep efficiency begin, and these issues usually continue until two months after delivery [8e10]. Sleep disorders during pregnancy may be linked an increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality and duration in pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
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