Evaluation of skeletal variations and establishment of Cephalometric Norms in Saudi Sub Population using Bjork Jarabak's analysis.

Ibrahim Alshahrani,Ali Alhaizaey,Muhammad Abdullah Kamran,Noura Abumelha

doi:10.12669/pjms.345.15556

Abstract

Objective:To evaluate the skeletal variations amongst individuals and to compare the measurements with the standardized linear and angular values of Bjork Jarabak’s analysis.Methods:This study was conducted at POS Department, King Khalid University on 100 adult Saudi patients recruited through convenience sampling. It was conducted between April to September 2017, had inclusion criteria of patients between the age group 17 to 22 years showing normal occlusion. After history and examinations, lateral cephalographs were taken, scanned and traced using Dolphin Imaging Software and Cephalometric points were recognized. Linear and angular dimensions were calculated according to Bjork-Jarabak’s method.Results:Analysis and assessment of Saudi male and female values revealed considerable variation in the anterior and posterior cranial base lengths (p<0.05), anterior and posterior face height, ramus height, and mandibular length. Male measurements in contrast to Jarabak’s values showed noteworthy variances in articular angle, anterior and posterior cranial base, ramus height, length of mandible, anterior face height and Jarabak’s ratio. Female dimensions in relation to Jarabak’s norms showed considerable variances in articular angle, anterior cranial base, posterior facial height with less significant values in Saudi females while compared with Jarabak’s norms apart from mandibular body length which is more in Saudi females.Conclusion:Skeletal variations amongst Saudi males and females were significant and comparison with standardized linear and angular values of Bjork Jarabak’s analysis was also significant.

Highlights

Cephalometric radiography was introduced by Broadbent and Hofrath in 1931 and since it is widely used as an essential tool in clinical orthodontics for the study of malocclusion and skeletal structure and research orthodontics by researchers.[1]
A cephalometric radiograph and cephalometric norms plays a significant role in assessing the anteroposterior jaw relation,[2] class of occlusion,[3] growth prediction[4] and act as a substantive tool in Orthodontics which aids Orthodontic clinicians and research workers in the formulation of final treatment plan.[5]
This study was planned to analyze the craniofacial pattern of Saudi adults cephalometrically, to evaluate the skeletal variations amongst individuals and to compare the measurements with the standardized linear and angular values of Bjork Jarabak’s analysis. This cross-sectional study involved the collection and analysis of lateral cephalometric radiographs done at the department of pediatric and orthodontics, King Khalid University and was conducted on 100 non-growing Saudi patients including 50 males and 50 females

Summary

Introduction

Cephalometric radiography was introduced by Broadbent and Hofrath in 1931 and since it is widely used as an essential tool in clinical orthodontics for the study of malocclusion and skeletal structure and research orthodontics by researchers.[1] A cephalometric radiograph and cephalometric norms plays a significant role in assessing the anteroposterior jaw relation,[2] class of occlusion,[3] growth prediction[4] and act as a substantive tool in Orthodontics which aids Orthodontic clinicians and research workers in the formulation of final treatment plan.[5]. Pak J Med Sci September - October 2018 Vol 34 No 5 www.pjms.com.pk 1104. Majority cephalometric studies have demonstrated that the ‘norms’ should be based on ethnic, sex and age differences.[6] Studies revealed that the Saudi people has discrete facial and dental appearance when compared with European and American people, as established by diverse analysis.[7]

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Results

Conclusion