Abstract
In this study, six satellite-based terrestrial latent heat flux (LE) products were evaluated in the vegetation dominated Haihe River basin of North China. These LE products include Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) LE product, FLUXCOM LE product, Penman-Monteith-Leuning V2 (PML_V2) LE product, Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model datasets (GLEAM) LE product, Breathing Earth System Simulator (BESS) LE product, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (MOD16) LE product. Eddy covariance (EC) data collected from six flux tower sites and water balance method derived evapotranspiration (WBET) were used to evaluate these LE products at site and basin scales. The results indicated that all six LE products were able to capture the seasonal cycle of LE in comparison to EC observations. At site scale, GLASS LE product showed the highest coefficients of determination (R2) (0.58, p < 0.01) and lowest root mean square error (RMSE) (28.2 W/m2), followed by FLUXCOM and PML products. At basin scale, the LE estimates from GLASS product provided comparable performance (R2 = 0.79, RMSE = 18.8 mm) against WBET, compared with other LE products. Additionally, there was similar spatiotemporal variability of estimated LE from the six LE products. This study provides a vital basis for choosing LE datasets to assess regional water budget.
Highlights
Versus the estimated latent heat flux (LE) from six products varied from 0.19 to 0.93 at a 99% confidence level, the root mean square error (RMSE) varied from 12.6 W/m2 to 51.4 W/m2, and the bias varied from −40.3 W/m2 to 18.8 W/m2, with an exception of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LE product
We evaluated the reliability of six satellite-based LE products in the vegetation dominated Haihe River basin of North China against ground-measured LE data collected from six eddy covariance flux tower sites at local scale and water balance method derived ET at basin scale
These six LE products consist of the Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) LE product, FLUXCOM LE product, Penman-Monteith-Leuning V2 (PML_V2) LE product, Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model datasets (GLEAM) LE product, Breathing Earth System Simulator (BESS) LE product, and MODIS LE product
Summary
Accurate knowledge of LE is vital to quantify the interaction between the land surface and atmosphere and guide surface water resources management [6,7]. The Haihe River basin (HRB), with more than 75% vegetation coverage, is one of the seven major basins of China and its internal Haihe River has brought enormous water vitality to agricultures and industries through agricultural irrigation, port transportation and fishery breeding. The HRB accounts for only 1.5% of the annual average water resources, it has an urgent need to meet the water requirements of 15% of population in China, which makes it a major water shortage region in Asia [8,9]. To understand the spatiotemporal variations of water consumption and improve water resource management in the HRB, the robust access of LE has become the focus of attention of various institutions and researchers, which would be helpful to maintain the healthy and sustainable development of regional economy [10]
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