Abstract
Lipid photooxidation is the undesirable chemical process in which singlet oxygen result in the peroxidation of fatty acids. In this study leaves methanolic extracts of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and sage (Salvia officinalis L.) were applied as the natural singlet oxygen scavenger. Amount of flavonoid compounds as the singlet oxygen scavenger agent in these plant species were decreased in the order of peppermint > marjoram> sage > rosemary. Also, The rate of quenching of singlet oxygen in the presence of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as a well-known singlet oxygen scavenger and highly effective synthetic antioxidants in food industry such as Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and peppermint decreased in the order of peppermint > BHA > TBHQ > DABCO >. Furthermore, photooxidation of oleic acid as an unsaturated fatty acid in the presence of DABCO, peppermint, BHA and TBHQ indicated a preservation of 82.77%, 73.39%, 71.57% and 53.10% on peroxidation of oleic acid, respectively which reveals peppermint has an efficient role on protection of fatty acids from photooxidation. Practical application: In this study, it was confirmed that peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) performs an effective role in restricting or limitation of singlet oxygen generation and fatty acid photooxidation. In vitro study of scavenging effect of peppermint can correlate laboratory results to commercial scale up. However, this would also necessitate the progress of improved methods for the measurement of lipid peroxidation in vivo in the presence of peppermint.
Highlights
Molecular oxygen in its ground state has two unpaired electrons and when oxygen molecules have excess energy, singlet oxygen can be produced as the result of pairing of these unpaired electrons existent in external orbital [1]
DABCO recognized as very efficient quencher of singlet oxygen in the organic media [4] and synthetic antioxidants such as TBHQ, Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and BHT have been found to have a strong singlet oxygen quenching ability [5]
Anthracene, Oleic acid, acetonitrile, methylene blue (MB), DABCO, BHA and TBHQ were purchased from Fluka and Merck and used without further purification
Summary
Molecular oxygen in its ground state has two unpaired electrons and when oxygen molecules have excess energy, singlet oxygen can be produced as the result of pairing of these unpaired electrons existent in external orbital [1]. Applying photosensitizer is one of the physical methods, which used for producing singlet oxygen. Light illumination can produce singlet oxygen in food systems, in the presence of photosensitizers such as riboflavin and chlorophylls [2]. The ancient Egyptians cultivated and documented it in the Icelandic pharmacopoeia of the thirteenth century [6]. It is widely grown in temperate areas of the world, in Europe, North America and North Africa but nowadays cultivated throughout all regions of the world. Of Lamiaceae family was known to the ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans [9]. The high antioxidant capacity of marjoram’s methanolic extract has been reported by several studies [10, 11]
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