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Abstract
Perfluorocarboxylic acid compounds (PFCAs) and copper have been regarded as ubiquitous environmental contaminants in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. However, data on their possible joint toxic effects on microorganisms are still lacking. To study the combined effects of four PFCAs with different carbon chain lengths and copper, a series of experiments were conducted to explore the acute toxicity of these PFCAs in the absence and presence of copper on a metal-resistant Arthrobacter strain GQ-9 by microcalorimetry. The thermokinetic parameters, including growth rate constant (k), inhibitory ratio (I), and half inhibitory concentration (IC50), were calculated and compared using the data obtained from the power-time curves. Our work revealed that GQ-9 is more resistant to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) than Escherichia coli. The single and joint toxicity of PFCAs with copper are dose- and carbon chain length-dependent. The longer the carbon chain length of PFCAs, the higher the toxicity. In addition, PFCAs interacted synergistically with copper. This work could provide useful information for the risk assessment of co-exposure to perfluorinated compounds and heavy metals in natural environments.
Highlights
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are a class of synthesis chemicals with unique physical and chemical characteristics that have made them extensively used in major industries and consumer products for over 60 years [1]
The perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) are a type of PFC whose structures are organized by carboxylate at one end of their molecules and have all of the hydrogens substituted with fluorine
This kind of structure imparts PFCAs with water and oil repellency, as well as thermal stability, all of which results in them being persistent pollutants [3]
Summary
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are a class of synthesis chemicals with unique physical and chemical characteristics that have made them extensively used in major industries and consumer products for over 60 years [1]. The perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) are a type of PFC whose structures are organized by carboxylate at one end of their molecules and have all of the hydrogens substituted with fluorine. This kind of structure imparts PFCAs with water and oil repellency, as well as thermal stability, all of which results in them being persistent pollutants [3]. PFCAs have been proven to have bioaccumulation and biomagnification capacity via food chains and can cause peroxisome proliferation and affect mitochondrial, microsomal, and cytosolic enzymes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism [2,6,7]
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