Abstract
This study was performed to evaluation of interaction of silicon application and irrigation on agronomic and physiologic traits of safflower at 2018 and 2019. The experiment was conducted as a split plot factorial based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The irrigation was main factor (0, 2 and 4 times during growth) and the sub-factor were silicon foliar application (at three levels: 0, 1 and 2 mM) and three safflower cultivars (Goldasht, Padideh and Golmehr). The studied traits were: number of seeds per boll and 1000-grain weight, number and weight of boll, number of lateral branches and branch diameter, plant weight and total plant weight, floret yield, grain yield, chlorophyll a and b, proline and antioxidant enzymes. According to results, treatments had significant effects on studied traits at 5 or 1% statistically level. 2 and 3 times irrigation led to 7 and 24% the increasing of seed yield in compare to control, respectively. It was obtained that 1 and 2mM silicon led to 25 and 15% the increase of seed yield in compare to control. Interaction between treatments showed that the highest seed yield (500g per m2) was observed by Goldasht cultivar under 4-time irrigation and 2mM silicon. Therefore, it can be suggested that Goldasht with 2 mM silicon be used to reduce the effects of dehydration.
Highlights
This study was performed to evaluation of interaction of silicon application and irrigation on agronomic and physiologic traits of safflower at 2018 and 2019
At this research we evaluated the effects of silicon and irrigation interaction on three safflower cultivars
The experiment was conducted as a split plot factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications and at two years
Summary
Understanding plant responses to irrigation and drought stress is essential; there is a need to know possible physiological mechanisms of damage and drought avoidance for the genetic improvement of crops. Water stress during early reproductive growth stages reduces seed and/or flower numbers per capitulum. It was determined that application of some elements such as silicon can be effective in reducing the effects of stress. SOD and APX activities of the cultivars were increased by drought and decreased by application of Sattar et al (2019) reported that foliar applied silicon improved water relations, stay green and enzymatic antioxidants activity of wheat in heat stress. The adversative impacts of drought stresses can be alleviated via different agricultural practices such as application of crop establishment or application of plant nutrients for maintaining a suitable level of water in plant leaves due to osmotic adjustment and stomatal conductance performance, improving plant growth and productivity (Seleiman, 2019). At this research we evaluated the effects of silicon and irrigation interaction on three safflower cultivars
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