Evaluation of Several Carbon-Supported Nanostructured Ni-Doped Manganese Oxide Materials for the Electrochemical Reduction of Oxygen

Abstract

Physical and electrochemical properties of nanostructured Ni-doped manganese oxides catalysts supported on different carbon powder substrates were investigated so as to characterize any carbon substrate effect toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics in alkaline medium. These materials were characterized using physicochemical analyses. Small insertion of Ni atoms in the lattice was observed, which consists of a true doping of the manganese oxide phase. The corresponding phase is present in the form of needles or agglomerates, with crystallite sizes in the order of (from x-ray diffraction analyses). Layered manganite (MnOOH) phase has been detected for the Monarch1000-supported material, while different species of phases are present at the E350G and MM225 carbons. Electrochemical studies in thin porous coating active layers in the rotating ring-disk electrode setup revealed that the catalysts present better ORR kinetics and electrochemical stability upon Ni doping. The ORR follows the so-called peroxide mechanism on catalysts, with the occurrence of minority disproportionation reaction. The disproportionation reaction progressively increases with the Ni content in materials. The catalysts supported on the MM225 and E350G carbons promote faster disproportionation reaction, thus leading to an overall four-electron ORR pathway.