Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of self-etching silane primer on long-term bonding strength on feldspathic ceramic. Ceramic blocks (IPS Empress CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) were cut with a low-speed diamond disk (Isomet 1000, Buehler) into 40 blocks of 12x7x6mm, under water cooling, and randomly divided into two groups (n=20), according to the surface conditioning: hydrofluoric acid (HF) (Condac, FGM) or self-etching silane primer (MEP) (Monobond Etch and Prime, Ivoclar Vivadent). After the blocks were bonded to composite resin blocks (12 x 7 x 3mm) (Liss, FGM) with a light cured cement (Variolink Esthetic LC, Ivoclar Vivadent) and LED photoactivation (Radii Cal, SDI) for 40 s on each luting interface line. The sets were cut in sticks with 1-mm2 cross-section composed of ceramic/cement/composite and tested after 24h (baseline) and 90 days aging by stored in distilled water at 37ºC. Microtensile bond strength testing (mTBS) was performed using a universal machine (DL-1000, EMIC) submitted to traction with speed of 0.5mm/ min until rupture of adhesion. Fracture of specimens were examined under stereomicroscopy to determine the failure pattern. Bond strength (MPa) was calculated, and the failure pattern and interface topography were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). No significant different mTBS was observed between groups HF and MEP (p>0.05). Storage time of the samples did not affect the mTBS from the groups. Surface etching pattern with HF produced higher surface alterations than a self-etching primer. Application of MEP may be considered an alternative for silanization for feldspathic ceramic.
Highlights
Ceramic has been indicated as an indirect restorative material in Dentistry, considering adequate mechanical properties, biocompatibility and esthetic properties (Choi, Kang, & Att, 2020; Kim, Choi, Kang, & Att, 2021; Sen & Us, 2018)
2.1 Specimen preparation Blocks of ceramic (IPS Empress CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) were selected, they were cut into a rectangular section using a diamond disk at low speed (250rpm) (Buehler, IsoMet, Lake Bluff, IL, USA) under water cooling, totaling forty blocks (12x7x6mm)
There were no significant differences among the groups (Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); p=0.322), which means, no significant difference was observed between the silanization protocols applied (p=0.276)
Summary
Ceramic has been indicated as an indirect restorative material in Dentistry, considering adequate mechanical properties, biocompatibility and esthetic properties (Choi, Kang, & Att, 2020; Kim, Choi, Kang, & Att, 2021; Sen & Us, 2018). That is reinforced with crystalline content to improve mechanical properties (Ritzberger et al, 2016). This material is indicated for making anterior and posterior inlays, onlays, veneers, single crowns, presenting an excellent esthetic performance and flexural resistance (Gracis et al, 2015; Ritzberger et al, 2016). The gold standard protocol for surface treatment to glass-matrix ceramics is considered by a response of the material to hydrofluoric acid (HF) exposure. Silane is a bifunctional molecule that produces the chemical interaction between the silica from the ceramic and methacrylate groups of resin monomers. The silanization acts on the interaction between ceramic and composite resin-based composite surfaces, bonding both chemically by siloxane bonds (Lung & Matinlinna, 2012; Naves et al, 2010)
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