Abstract
Garmiyan area suffers from many water problems such as poor rainfall rate, water shortage, aridity and absence of groundwater in many places. Hence the subsurface dam is the best solution due to many advantages such as low cost of construction, least maintenance, low evaporation, no contamination, utilization of the land over the dam and better storage. The objective of this study is to evaluate the suitability of the selected site location for subsurface dam construction, to serve as strategic water supply storage, to solute the aridity and water shortage in this area of arid to semi arid climate in Isayi watershed within the stream deposits. Geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing through satellite images and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) interpretation and analysis have facilitated the investigation with more accuracy. ArcGIS helped in construction of thematic maps of the studied area. The geologic, structural, geomorphologic, hydrologic and hydrogeologic characteristics with GPR survey show the suitability of the selected site location for construction of subsurface dam. According to the standard water quality for domestic, irrigation and livestock the water quality of all water samples are within the recommended range and the best time to be chosen, for construction of the subsurface dam, is during the autumn season from September to November.
Highlights
One of the best solutions to overcome the aridity and drought problems in arid and semi-arid areas is building under-ground storage dams
Garmiyan area suffers from water shortage problems such as poor absence of surface water resources and groundwater in many places as well as low rainfall rate
To overcome this problem subsurface water dams are to be suggested to serve as strategic water supply storage
Summary
One of the best solutions to overcome the aridity and drought problems in arid and semi-arid areas is building under-ground storage dams (sub-surface dams). According to Ishida et al [1], Borst and de Haas [2], Hoogmoed [3], Şen [4] and Khairy et al [5], such technique has many advantages like decrease of evaporation, decrease of contamination, no problem of land submergence, no silting, no danger of breaching and low construction cost. The studied area is located about 42 km south of Darbandikhan district and 123 km east of Kirkuk city with 19 km northeast of Kalar district at 34 ̊46'46"N and 45 ̊27'25"E in Iraqi Kurdistan Region (Figure 1). The aim of the present study is to construct an aquifer (subsurface dam) with high productivity, to serve different human activities and combat aridity and drought that dominates the area
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