Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer mortality. The study aimed to assess the level of urea, creatinine and cystatin C in prostate cancer subjects. The subjects consisted of 92 adult males between the ages of 45 to 70 years; 46 prostate cancer subjects and 46 apparently healthy subjects recruited from a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Urea and creatinine were estimated by colorimetric method, cystatin C was estimated using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The results obtained showed that urea and creatinine were significantly high (p 0.05) in the levels of urea and creatinine. The research concluded that increased serum urea and creatinine concentrations as well as decreased cystatin C level may pose higher risk of renal dysfunction in prostate cancer subjects. Thus, the levels of serum urea, creatinine and cystatin C need to be evaluated in prostate cancer subjects. Keywords : Prostate cancer, cystatin C, urea, creatinine
Highlights
Cystatin C was significantly high in prostate cancer subjects on therapy compared with those not on therapy which may be attributed to the effects of the drugs being used by the subjects
The result in this research shows that urea is significantly increased in prostate cancer subjects when compared with the control which agrees with the work of Edmund et al, (2012) where increase in urea level had been reported
Urea has been used as a marker of renal function, though it is being regarded to be inferior to other markers such as creatinine because blood urea levels are influenced by other factors such as diet and dehydration (Traynor et al, 2006; Ikuerowo et al, 2013)
Summary
Serum creatinine is used in the detection and assessment of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (Baumgarten, 2011). The markers (urea, creatinine and cystatin C) were selected because they are readily filtered by the kidney and could be measured to assess kidney function. There is need to evaluate the levels of these markers which will be of immense importance in the diagnosis of kidney dysfunction in prostate cancer.
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