Abstract
The siltation is a natural process, but can be accelerated by human actions and results in major problems for the reservoirs, reducing its useful volume for irrigation. An example of this problem was the reduction of the area of mirror water of Fernandópolis municipal dam in 48.3% during 20 years. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the production of sediments and siltation of Fernandópolis municipal dam from a methodology that can be applied to small earth dams for agricultural purposes. For this, it was monitored, monthly throughout the year, the volume of sediment deposited in the reservoir. The percentage of retention sediment in Fernandópolis municipal dam ranged from 53.9 to 94.5%, that associated with a high specific sediment yield, will cause its full silting in at most 57 years. It is recommended to minimize this process the restoration of permanent preservation areas and the removal of 17,500 m³ of sediment from the riverbed of the dam.
Highlights
Siltation is the deposition of sediment transported by water courses, due to the reduction of the kinetic energy at levels below that needed to keep them in suspension
This dynamic is defined by the saturation value (CARVALHO, 2008) which depends on the flow rate and slope of the water courses, in addition to particle size and specific weight of the sediment
According to the classification proposed by CARVALHO et al (2000), the specific sediment production on the basin has a high potential for siltation of the Fernandópolis dam, which explains its reduction on the water mirror of 48.3% between the years 1979-2008 (VANZELA, 2012 )
Summary
Siltation is the deposition of sediment transported by water courses, due to the reduction of the kinetic energy at levels below that needed to keep them in suspension. The change of soil use, with agriculture and urban perimeters associated with the average slope in the basins, contribute to increased soil loss and sediment concentration in water (VANZELA et al, 2010; MINGOTI & VETTORAZZI, 2011) aggravating the process of siltation. This occurs because the reduction in infiltration rate of the soil leads to increasing the surface runoff (GOMES et al, 2007) and, the kinetic energy of the water, maximizing the capacity to carry sediment. The study was conducted from February 2011 to February 2012, period in which the total rainfall was 1,373 mm and total potential evapotranspiration was 1,426 mm (INTEGRATED CENTER OF AGRO METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION, 2012) (Figure 3)
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