Abstract
Global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are detected by the Chinese ocean color and temperature scanner (COCTS) instruments aboard the HaiYang (HY)-1C and HY-1D satellites. In this study, the SSTs derived from the COCTS instrument on the HY-1D (COCTS/HY-1D) satellite and a nonlinear SST algorithm with corresponding coefficients were introduced. The COCTS/HY-1D SSTs recorded from April 26 to August 31, 2021, were evaluated against water temperature measurements taken at depths above 1 m from the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">in situ</i> Quality Monitor system; root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of 0.65 and 0.71 °C and robust standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.51 and 0.47 °C were obtained for the daytime and nighttime SSTs, respectively, using a spatiotemporal matching window of 4 h and 2.5 km. Daily gridded SSTs derived from COCTS/HY-1D were compared with those obtained from the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite in the same period, and RMSEs of 0.67 ± 0.06 and 0.81 ± 0.06 °C and RSDs of 0.49 ± 0.04 and 0.58 ± 0.05 °C were obtained for the daytime and nighttime SSTs, respectively. The COCTS/HY-1D-derived SSTs covering Gulf Stream waters were cross-validated against the VIIRS/S-NPP data as a case study, and RMSEs of 0.53 and 0.47 °C for the daytime and nighttime, respectively, were obtained.
Highlights
Sea surface temperature (SST), defined as the skin temperature of the ocean surface water, is a key measurement for ocean, weather and climate research and can be applied in numerical oceanic and atmospheric models, fishery science and for the tactical support of commercial fishing activities, physical oceanographic research, and climate monitoring [1]-[7]
The results indicate that both the daytime and nighttime SSTs derived from Chinese ocean color and temperature scanner (COCTS) are consistent with those derived from visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS)/Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP)
The SSTs derived from COCTS on HY-1D were evaluated against in situ measurements collected from in situ Quality Monitor (iQuam) and remote sensing products derived from the VIIRS instrument on the S-NPP during the period from April 26 to August 31, 2021
Summary
Sea surface temperature (SST), defined as the skin temperature of the ocean surface water, is a key measurement for ocean, weather and climate research and can be applied in numerical oceanic and atmospheric models, fishery science and for the tactical support of commercial fishing activities, physical oceanographic research, and climate monitoring [1]-[7]. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the SSTs derived from the MODIS sensors on the Terra and Aqua satellites were found to be 0.83 °C and 0.71 °C, respectively, in the waters around Taiwan [23]. These corresponding RMSEs were 0.83 °C and 0.85 °C, respectively, with standard deviations (SDs) of 0.79 °C and 0.85 °C, respectively, in the coastal waters of the Yellow Sea [26], while the SD of the SSTs derived from the MODIS instrument aboard Aqua was found to be 0.56 °C for the global ocean [22]
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