Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The epidemic started in Wuhan in mid-December 2019 and quickly spread across the world as a pandemic. Saliva is emerging as a promising alternative to nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 diagnosis and monitoring.
 Aim: To evaluate the Interleukin-1 Beta in the salivary samples of COVID-recovered patients and healthy controls.
 Materials and Methods: An observational study on saliva samples of COVID recovered patients. The study was non-invasive and easy to perform without much inconvenience to patients. The samples were obtained from patients who came to the clinics of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. A total of 20 saliva samples were collected from recruited patients 10 of whom were healthy controls and 10 were collected from patients who had made complete recovery from covid infection at least three months ago Student T test were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS statistics for windows version 23.0, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Released 2015). Values were expressed as Mean and SD. An observational study on saliva samples of COVID recovered patients.The salivary Interleukin-1 levels were analyzed using ELISA.
 Results: Within the limitations of the study, we conclude that salivary Interleukin-1 level is increased in COVID recovered patients. The difference was statistically significant proving that in spite of complete uneventful recovery from COVID infection the individual’s inflammatory markers are seen to be at our rise.
 Conclusion: Salivary Interleukin-1 levels are increased in COVID recovered patients. Further prospective studies with the limited sample size of the salivary levels of IL-1 can effectively assess disease severity and predict outcome in patients with COVID-19.This study illustrates the group of healthy controls and COVID recovered patients.
Highlights
The COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Within the limitations of the study, we conclude that salivary Interleukin-1 level is increased in COVID recovered patients
Further prospective studies with the limited sample size of the salivary levels of IL-1 can effectively assess disease severity and predict outcome in patients with COVID-19.This study illustrates the group of healthy controls and COVID recovered patients
Summary
The COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Aim: To evaluate the Interleukin-1 Beta in the salivary samples of COVID-recovered patients and healthy controls. Materials and Methods: An observational study on saliva samples of COVID recovered patients. An observational study on saliva samples of COVID recovered patients.The salivary Interleukin-1 levels were analyzed using ELISA. The infection caused by this novel virus was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO) [2]. Interleukin (IL) are a type of cytokine first thought to be expressed by leukocytes alone but have later been found to be produced by many other body cells [4] They play essential roles in the activation and differentiation of immune cells as well as proliferation, maturation, migration and adhesion. IL-1 has been implicated in the progression of several viral infections [5]
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