Abstract
Aim: Local bacteria stimulate polymorphonuclear neutrophils to release reactive oxygen species in periodontitis. Increased levels of oxidative stress play a significant role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate total salivary and serum antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde in patients with chronic periodontitis.Materials and methods: Fifty-five healthy subjects and 55 patients with chronic periodontitis, with an age range of 30–50 years, were evaluated. After clinical examination and case selection, unstimulated whole saliva was collected in the morning. Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein. Total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde levels were evaluated by spectrophotometric assay. Data were analyzed with t-test, using Stata.11 software program.Results: The periodontitis group exhibited lower salivary (0.16) and serum (0.36) total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.11) compared to the control group. Mean salivary malondialdehyde levels in the case and control groups were 0.80 ± 0.09 and 0.42 ± 0.08, respectively. The results showed significantly higher levels of salivary and serum malondialdehyde in the periodontitis group. Gender did not have any effect on antioxidant and oxidative stress levels.Conclusion: This study indicated increased levels of salivary and serum oxidative stresses in patients with chronic periodontitis. Total antioxidant capacity was mildly lower in the saliva and serum of these patients. Higher malondialdehyde levels with no changes in antioxidant status can result in systemic and local complications in these patients.
Highlights
Subgingival plaques in periodontitis have a plethora of microbial flora which cause inflammation and destruction of gingival tissues
The results showed significantly higher levels of salivary and serum MDA in the periodontitis group compared to the healthy control group
The data presented in the current study indicated that periodontitis group had increased oxidative stress levels than the healthy control group
Summary
Subgingival plaques in periodontitis have a plethora of microbial flora which cause inflammation and destruction of gingival tissues. The interaction between bacteria increases oxygen consumption and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) for killing of the bacteria which are capable of initiating periodontal tissue destruction (Sheikhi et al, 2001; Guentsch et al, 2008; Pendyala et al, 2008; Abou Sulaiman and Shehadeh, 2010; Žilinskas et al, 2011). ROS is produced as a result of normal cellular metabolism processes (Akalin et al, 2007). It is important in cell signaling and metabolic processes (Brock et al, 2004; Gümüs et al, 2009)
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