Evaluation of rootstocks for the Cyprus local lemon variety ‘Lapithkiotiki’

Abstract

The effect of various rootstocks on yield, yield efficiency, tree size and fruit quality of the local lemon variety ‘Lapithkiotiki’ ( Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F.) was studied under Cyprus conditions. Total cumulative yield over 13 years of production was the highest on rough lemon ( C. jambhiri Lush) followed by that on Volkameriana ( C. volkameriana Ten. & Pasq.), Yuma Ponderosa lemon ( C. limon (L.) Burm. F.), sour orange ( C. aurantium L.), Citrus macrophylla Wester, Morton citrange ( C. sinensis cv. Washington navel × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), Yuma citrange, Rangpur lime ( C. limonia Obs.), Palestine sweet lime ( C. limettioides Tan.), C-32 citrange and Citremon 1449 ( C. limon × P. trifoliata), although no statistically significant differences were found between sour orange, the commercial rootstock used in Cyprus, and the other above mentioned rootstocks. Next in order as regards to total cumulative yield was Cleopatra mandarin ( C. reticulata Blanko.) followed by Carrizo citrange, with statistically significant differences compared with sour orange. Trees on Citrumelo CPB-4475 ( C. paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata) and C-35 citrange died 3–4 years after grafting. Canopy volume was the lowest for trees on Cleopatra mandarin and Carrizo citrange. Yield efficiency A, expressed as total cumulative yield per trunk cross-sectional area, was the highest on C. macrophylla and lowest on Carrizo citrange. Rootstock significantly affected fruit size and weight, rind thickness, juice content, brix, total acids and brix:acid ratio. The results of the present study reveal that the most promising rootstocks that may replace sour orange for the local lemon variety ‘Lapithkiotiki’ under Cyprus conditions are Volkameriana, Yuma Ponderosa lemon, C. macrophylla and Citremon 1449.