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Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective: This in vitro study aimed to compare the degree of root roughness in human teeth after using hand curettes, stainless steel, and diamond ultrasound tips. Material and Methods: The scaling was performed on the root surface of 36 human teeth previously standardized and randomly divided into three groups (n = 12). The roughness degree was measured with the aid of a rugosimeter, before and after the scaling, through readings perpendicular and parallel to the scaling direction. The statistical analysis comprised Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.05). The qualitative and visual complementation of the results was performed by scanning electronic microscopy. Results: The scaling executed with hand curettes increased root roughness (before - Ra median = 0.1583 µm; after = 0.7783 µm; before - Rz median =1.667 µm; after = 7.350 µm). The degree of root roughness also increased when stainless steel ultrasound (before - Ra median = 0.1483 µm; after = 0.3933 µm; before- Rz median = 1.567 µm; after = 4.333 µm) and diamond tips were used (before - Ra median = 0.1800 µm; after = 2.457 µm; before - Rz median = 1.850 µm; after = 18.58 µm). Conclusion: The superficial roughness significantly increased in all groups. The scaling with diamond tips promoted the greatest root roughness than hand curettes and ultrasound tips. Keywords: Dental biofilm; Dental scaling; Periodontics; Superficial roughness.
Highlights
T heperiodontal disease (PD) is an infection of bacterial origin and dental biofilm is the main etiologic agent
Because the literature lacks consensus on the superficial roughness produced by root scaling, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the degree of root roughness on root surfaces treated by hand curettes, stainless steel and diamond ultrasound tips
This study compared the degree of root roughness among three different instruments: ultrasound tips, diamond tips, and hand curettes, demonstrating a significant increasing of root roughness in all groups, which is in agreement with the literature [2,4,8,10]
Summary
T heperiodontal disease (PD) is an infection of bacterial origin and dental biofilm is the main etiologic agent. Periodontal disease is a destructive inflammatory process due to the action of bacteria and their byproducts and PD may lead to tooth loss. Periodontal therapy aims to stablish an acceptable biologically surface through the mechanical removal of toxins, biofilm, pathogens, and tooth calculus. Root debridement with hand instruments traumatizes the root surface leading to loss of tooth substance [2]. The necessity of removing the defects of tooth surface aiming to achieve greater smoothness, and making difficult plaque retention is not a consensus because smoother surface leads to smaller adhesion of periodontal pathogens, the superficial smoothness prevents the adhesion of fibroblasts which initiates the process of tissue regeneration [3,4,5]
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