Abstract
The article presents different types of rock bolt support used in Polish ore mining. Individual point resin and expansion rock bolt support were characterized. The roof classes for zinc and lead and copper ore mines were presented. Furthermore, in the article laboratory tests of point resin rock bolt support in a geometric scale of 1:1 with minimal fixing length of 0.6 m were made. Static testing of point resin rock bolt support were carried out on a laboratory test facility of Department of Underground Mining which simulate mine conditions for Polish ore and hard coal mining. Laboratory tests of point resin bolts were carried out, especially for the ZGH Bolesław, zinc and lead “Olkusz – Pomorzany” mine. The primary aim of the research was to check whether at the anchoring point length of 0.6 m by means of one and a half resin cartridge, the type bolt “Olkusz – 20A” is able to overcome the load.The second purpose of the study was to obtain load – displacement characteristic with determination of the elastic and plastic range of the bolt. For the best simulation of mine conditions the station steel cylinders with an external diameter of 0.1 m and a length of 0.6 m with a core of rock from the roof of the underground excavations were used.
Highlights
In Poland the underground exploitation of ore deposits is carried out in two regions
It is worth mentioning that the mentioned deposits are explored in the only one underground zinc and lead mine „Olkusz-Pomorzany” belonging to ZGH Bolesław S.A. in Bukowno
Underground exploitation is carried out in three mines “Rudna”, “Polkowice – Sieroszowice” and „Lubin” of Legnica–Głogów Copper District (LGOM), that belong to KGHM Polish Copper SA
Summary
In Poland the underground exploitation of ore deposits is carried out in two regions. The basic type of rock mass reinforcement method for both preparatory and operational excavations in underground metal ore mines, both in Poland. 1. Grouted – installd in the rock mass by means of various types of cement binders or resin cartridges (the annual consumption in thousands) 2. Suitable cement binder for cable bolts Expansion (mechanical) bolts 1.2; 1.6; 1.8; 2.2; 2.6 3.5; 5.2; 7 (about 270000 units) in form of steel connected rods and cables 3000 They are not used. In the “Olkusz – Pomorzany” mine there are only rigid bolts used with satisfactory strength and only failing, when taking over the load near the limit of strength of bolt rod, with relatively small deformation capacity, whilst in the copper mines there are used rigid and yielding bolts capable of carrying significant deformation, with relatively low carrying capacity and more and more there are used energy-absorbing of dynamic load bolts, characterized by high load carrying capacity and the ability to carry relatively high displacement and deformation
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