Abstract
Recovery of valuable products from organic wastes with conventional extraction method plus modern separation technology is becoming popular in solid waste management. The major attention of this project was to test the efficiencies of two different types of reverse osmosis membranes (RO99 and X20) on juice concentration extracted from peel of beetroot which is "waste". The extractions of beetroot peel were completed using water and ethanol-water (15 v/v%) solvents at 22 °C for 60 minutes. The applied transmembrane pressure, temperature, and recirculation flow rate of membrane separation process were 40 bars, 30 °C, and 400 L/h, respectively. Quantifications of valuable compounds were detected using spectrophotometer. The permeate flux profiles were investigated and lower permeate flux was experienced with RO99 compared to X20 in both methods. Additionally, from the aspect of efficiency, RO99 outstripped X20 membrane on concentration of some compounds such as betalains, and phenolic components. Betaxanthin, betacyanin, antioxidant and TPC contents in final retentates of RO99 membrane concentration were as follow: 292.47±1.93 mg/L, 499.03±1.3 mg/L, 1133.15±25.74 mg/L,1243.96±106.56 mg/L (water solvent) and 337.26±4.31 mg/L, 585.2±5.83 mg/L, 698.55±22.53 mg/L, 1268.87±48.69 mg/L (ethanol-water solvent), respectively. From this experiment, expectation can be made that membrane technology can widen its applications in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Highlights
Utilizing wastes from food processing in proper way is somehow one of the solutions to environmental pollution problems
The major attention of this project was to test the efficiencies of two different types of reverse osmosis membranes (RO99 and X20) on juice concentration extracted from peel of beetroot which is "waste"
Betalain is rich in antioxidant capacity [6] and mainly composed of betacyanin (75–95 % of betanin which is responsible for red color) and betaxanthin (95 % of major yellow color giving vulgaxanthin-I) [7]
Summary
Utilizing wastes from food processing in proper way is somehow one of the solutions to environmental pollution problems. Some of the waste parts of fruits and vegetables contain more valuable compounds than the other parts [1, 2]. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) is one of the popular tropical vegetables in Europe because of its high constituent of natural colorant, which is betalain [3], and health-promoting antioxidant rich compounds especially phenolic [4]. Phenolic compounds are well known for their biochemical properties and basically extracted by alcohol-water mixtures [5]. The disturbance of protein limits the usage of water as solvent and preferably, some kinds of solvents, for example, methanol and ethanol are employed [7]. Ethanol was chosen as the solvent in our project since, unlike methanol, no purification step is required
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