Evaluation of Retinal Structure in Pediatric Subjects With Vitamin D Deficiency

Abstract

To quantitatively evaluate the retinal structural parameters of pediatric patients who were determined to be deficient in vitamin D. Prospective, cross-sectional study. Retinal structural parameters, including the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), central macula, retinal layer, and choroidal thicknesses, central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE), and central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE), in pediatric subjects with vitamin D deficiency (group 1) and those without (group 2) were compared. Group 1 comprised 70 individuals, while group 2 comprised 80 individuals. The mean peripapillary RNFL (except for the nasal superior sector [P=.037]), central macula, and retinal layer thicknesses were also determined to be similar in both groups (P > .05 for both groups). The mean choroidal thickness was lower in the subfoveal (P=.006) and nasal 3000-µm-diameter areas (P=.004) in group 1. The mean CRAE was determined to be lower (P=.031) and the CRVE was higher in group 1 (P=.005); it was determined that there was a significant correlation between the vitamin D level and both the CRAE (r=0.447, P < .001) and CRVE (r=-0.320, P=.013). Choroidal thinning, a decrease in the CRAE, and increase in the CRVE were structural changes that occurred in the pediatric subjects who had vitamin D deficiency. The alterations in these parameters became more prominent in pediatric subjects who were determined to have lower vitamin D levels.