Evaluation of Resin-Based Material Containing Copaiba Oleoresin (Copaifera Reticulata Ducke): Biological Effects on the Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells.

Roberta Souza D’Almeida Couto,Fernando De Sá Silva,Rafael Rodrigues Lima,Ivana Márcia Alves Diniz,Leila Soares Ferreira,Talita Christine Camilo Lopez,Maria Fernanda Setubal Destro Rodrigues,Márcia Martins Marques

doi:10.3390/biom10070972

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze in vitro the biological effects on human dental pulp stem cells triggered in response to substances leached or dissolved from two experimental cements for dental pulp capping. The experimental materials, based on extracts from Copaifera reticulata Ducke (COP), were compared to calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), materials commonly used for direct dental pulp capping in restorative dentistry. For this, human dental pulp stem cells were exposed to COP associated or not with Ca(OH)2 or MTA. Cell cytocompatibility, migration, and differentiation (mineralized nodule formation (Alizarin red assay) and gene expression (RT-qPCR) of OCN, DSPP, and HSP-27 (genes regulated in biomineralization events)) were evaluated. The results showed that the association of COP reduced the cytotoxicity of Ca(OH)2. Upregulations of the OCN, DSPP, and HSP-27 genes were observed in response to the association of COP to MTA, and the DSPP and HSP-27 genes were upregulated in the Ca(OH)2 + COP group. In up to 24 h, cell migration was significantly enhanced in the MTA + COP and Ca(OH)2 + COP groups. In conclusion, the combination of COP with the currently used materials for dental pulp capping [Ca(OH)2 and MTA] improved the cell activities related to pulp repair (i.e., cytocompatibility, differentiation, mineralization, and migration) including a protective effect against the cytotoxicity of Ca(OH)2.

Highlights

Restoring lost dental hard tissue without compromising the vitality of the tooth has been a significant challenge for the restorative dentistry [1]
A systematic review of the current trends and future perspectives of dental pulp capping materials have shown that advances in bioactive materials, especially those developed from Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), are promising to improve biomaterials for application in the treatment of vital pulp [8]
The purpose of the present study was to analyze the in vitro biological responses of human dental pulp stem cells submitted to Copaifera reticulata Ducke (COP) associated or not with Ca(OH)2 or MTA, materials that are commonly used in restorative dentistry

Summary

Introduction

Restoring lost dental hard tissue without compromising the vitality of the tooth has been a significant challenge for the restorative dentistry [1]. In this regard, direct pulp capping is the oldest procedure for the treatment of deep caries lesions or even fractures that compromise the dental pulp integrity [2,3]. The number of studies on these materials compared to investigations on MTA is limited [9] This indicates the need for studies testing bioactive materials for the treatment of exposed vital dental pulp. Copaiba has not been mentioned in any of the searched studies in those reviews, showing the novelty of the present study

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion