Abstract
Food quality and safety have been a concern of the world population, especially in relation to the chemical and microbiological hazards present in food. The presence of antimicrobial residues at levels above the maximum residue limit makes milk unsuitable for human consumption. In this context, the objective of this study was to analyze 184 raw milk samples from the dairy region of Pernambuco state, in order to evaluate the presence of 31 antimicrobial residues from six different groups (β-lactam, sulfonamide, tetracycline, quinolone, fluoroquinolone and pyrimidine). The samples were collected from producers who supply the dairys with and no inspection service and the analyses were performed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. In the qualitative analysis of multiresidues, no sample presented violation for the antimicrobials analyzed. In the quantitative analysis of β-lactams, only one sample of producers who supply milk to dairys with state inspection service presented a result above the maximum residue limit for cloxacillin (464 μg.L-1). It is concluded that raw milk produced in the dairy region of the state of Pernambuco has a low rate of violation of the values established by the current legislation for antimicrobial residues.
Highlights
Dairy herds are often affected with mastitis, causing losses of financial resources and reduction of the quality of milk and dairy products (Bezman et al, 2015; Down et al, 2017; Machado & Bicalho, 2018)
The objective in this study is to evaluate the presence of 31 residues of antimicrobials of six different groups (β-lactam, sulfonamide, tetracycline, quinolone, fluoroquinolone and pyrimidine), in raw milk, produced in the Agreste region, the dairy basin of the state of Pernambuco, and supplied to dairys with the Federal Inspection Service (FIS), State Inspection Service (SIS) and the No Inspection Service (NIS)
A producer sample from the SIS (1.1% of the samples collected in this season or 2.8% of the samples submitted to SIS collected in this season) presented cloxacillin residue in a concentration higher than the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) (464 μg.L-1)
Summary
Dairy herds are often affected with mastitis, causing losses of financial resources and reduction of the quality of milk and dairy products (Bezman et al, 2015; Down et al, 2017; Machado & Bicalho, 2018). The consumption of milk with antimicrobial residue above the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) represents a public health problem, since it can cause: allergic reactions, antimicrobial resistance, blood dyscrasias, gastrointestinal disorder, neurological disorder, cancer, among other effects (Titouche et al, 2013; Baynes et al, 2016; Delatour et al, 2018; Du et al, 2019). The presence of antimicrobials generates problems for the dairy, as they alter the results of analyses, inactivate or delay the activity of starter cultures in the production of cheese, yogurts, compromising the production of acids, resulting in failure of coagulation and maturation, causing modification of the sensory properties of dairy products (Calbert, 1951; Berruga et al, 2016; Gajda et al, 2017). The level of tolerance or MRL that refers to the presence of antimicrobials in foods of animal origin has been established (Brasil, 1999)
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