Evaluation of reproduction biology of Prunus cerasoides

Abstract

Prunus cerasoides have a high value in phytochemistry and pharmacology. It was classified as the Least Concern globally based on the IUCN red list due to its widespread distribution in eastern Asia. This research aims to evaluate the reproductive biology of P. cerasoides through the study of pollen morphology, pollen viability, stigma receptivity, and pollination in the Cibodas Botanical Garden, located in the Cibodas subdistrict of West Java, Indonesia. The pollen morphology was observed using SEM. Moreover, the pollen viability test was followed by the staining method (aceto-orcein 2%, I2KI 1%, TTC 1%) and in vitro pollen germination with thirteen treatments (aquadest [control]; 5-30% sucrose; and 5-30% sucrose + 5 ppm boric acid). Stigma receptivity was observed daily, from 7 days before anthesis until the anthesis stage. Furthermore, several types of pollination were evaluated, including open pollination, autogamy, geitonogamy, and allogamy. The results showed that the best staining method on P. cerasoides was aceto-orcein 2%, with pollen viability at 87.87%. The sucrose concentration of 25% at 72 hours of observation gave the highest pollen viability results, 52.48%. Stigma receptivity was optimal in the two days before anthesis until anthesis. The highest pollination efficiency was cross-pollination at 53.33%, with an average percentage of the total fruit set of 24.17%.