Abstract
This study aims to develop nanofibrous membranes where Eucalyptus globules oil (EGO) is wrapped in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The EGO-based nanofibrous membranes are then evaluated for the protection against Forcipomyia taiwana (F. taiwana). In the first stage, the PVA solutions are formulated with different concentrations and are measured for viscosity and electrical conductivity. In the next stage, PVA solution and EGO are blended at different ratios and electrospun into PVA/EGO nanofibrous membranes (i.e., EGO-based repellent). In this study, a PVA concentration of 14 wt% has a positive influence on fiber formation. Furthermore, the finest nanofibers of 291 nm are presented when the voltage is 15 kV. The repellent efficacy can reach 80% in a 60-min release when the repellent is composed of a PVA/oil ratio of 90/10. To sum up, the nanofibrous membranes of essential oil exhibit good repellent efficacy against F. taiwana and significant slow-release effect, instead of adversely affecting the cell viability.
Highlights
Mosquito repellents on the markets are required to provide lasting effective relief and they are commonly composed of N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DETT), the most effective substance
The morphology of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers is dependent on the parameters of electrospinning and
The morphology of PVA nanofibers is dependent on the parameters of electrospinning and PVA
Summary
Mosquito repellents on the markets are required to provide lasting effective relief and they are commonly composed of N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DETT), the most effective substance. The constituent DETT is used within the dosage limit, it may still infiltrate the human body and get into the blood as a result of frequent or extensive use of DETT-based repellents. Some studies stated that the side effects of repellents containing DETT included skin allergy, insomnia, testis atrophy, drop in sperm counts, and damage to the nervous and immune systems [2,3]. The aforementioned disadvantages of DETT mosquito repellents expedite the development of natural plant-based repellents. Plant-based repellents cause failures in multiple organs of mosquitos, instead of a specified organ. The active mechanism effectively prevents mosquitos from drug resistance [3]
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