Abstract
Turkey is located on a region with high seismicity. The intense seismic activity in 2011, especially Simav and Van earthquakes, once again reminded of this fact. The aim of this study is to give information on the causes of the heavy damage and loss of lives after these earthquakes which are not incompliance with engineering principles. Based on the investigations, the damaged buildings are found to have similar deficiencies as inadequate detailing, material properties, faults in application and design. The most important reasons of the collapses are insufficient strength of joint regions and lap splice lengths. The following flaws are: inadequacies in amount or/and detailing of the lateral reinforcements, short column, overhang and soft story effects, deficient isolation applications and gable wall construction, low concrete strength, pounding and collision between buildings and faulty load bearing system designs. The other remarkable observations after the earthquakes are: the dependency of the seismic damages to some other parameters beside distance to the epicenter, adequate performances of the retrofitted buildings, total collapse of even shear-wall buildings with heavy flaws, buildings with high concrete strength may be heavily damaged, buildings with flexible load carrying system may take significant architectural damage without structural, for moderate and heavy damages 4-5 story buildings are the most damaged ones, even the multi story adobe buildings that are built in accordance with technical provisions may survive the earthquake without damage, therefore the main reason for the devastation is the violation of the engineering principles.
Highlights
Mevcut yapı stoku ile ilgili problemin bölgesel değil, ulusal bir Turkey is located on a region with high seismicity
The other remarkable observations after the earthquakes are: the dependency of the seismic damages to some other parameters beside distance to the epicenter, adequate performances of the retrofitted buildings, total collapse of even shearwall buildings with heavy flaws, buildings with high concrete strength may be heavily damaged, buildings with flexible load carrying system may take significant architectural damage without structural, for moderate and heavy damages 4-5 story buildings are the most damaged ones, even the multi story adobe buildings that are built in accordance with technical provisions may survive the earthquake without damage, the main reason for the devastation is the violation of the engineering principles
Başbakanlık Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetim Başkanlığı. [17] Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi Deprem Mühendisliği Araştırma Merkezi, “23 Ekim 2011 Mw 7.2 Van Depremi Sismik ve Yapısal Hasara İlişkin Saha Gözlemleri”, Rapor No:METU/EERC 2011-04, Ankara, 2011. [18] Maden Tetkik Ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü,” 1:500000 ölçekli Türkiye jeoloji haritaları, Van paftası”, MTA Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 2002. [19] Emre Ö., Duman T.Y., Özalp S., Elmacı H., “23 Ekim 2011 Van Depremi Saha Gözlemleri ve Kaynak Faya İlişkin Ön Değerlendirmeler”, MTA Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 2011. [20] Koçyiğit A., Deveci Ş., Kaplan M., “Van Depremleri Raporu (23 Ekim-30 Kasım 2011), Ankara, 2011. [21] Kızılkanat A., Kocak A., Coşar A., Güney D., Selçuk M.E., “23 Ekim 2011 Van Depremi Ön İnceleme Raporu”, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, 2011
Summary
19 Mayıs 2011 tarihinde, saat 23:15’de 5.7 büyüklüğünde (ML) Kütahya-Simav merkezli bir deprem meydana gelmiştir. Yeşilköy ve Çavdır faylarından kaynaklanan depremin merkez üssü Simav ilçesinin yaklaşık 13 km kuzey doğusundaki Söğüt Köyü çevresidir [1]. Depremin merkez üssü ve yakınındaki yerleşim birimleri Şekil 1’de gösterilmiştir. Son yüzyılda bölgede can ve mal kaybına neden olan yıkıcı depremler Tablo 1’de verilmiştir. Bölgede bulunan kamu binaları da dolaşılarak, hasar durumları incelenmiştir. Deprem öncesi mevcut binaların deprem performanslarının belirlenmesi ve güçlendirme çalışmaları kapsamında incelenen kamu binalarının deprem sonrası performansları ve hasar durumları hakkında da gözlemler yapılarak bilgiler toplanmıştır. Yazarların gözlemlerde bulunduğu yerleşim birimleri Şekil 1’de gösterilmektedir
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