Abstract
Health related quality of life (HR-QOL) of functional dyspepsia (FD) patients is impaired. However, the QOL of such patients has not been fully examined. Accordingly, we examined the QOL of Rome IV defined FD, endoscopic negative dyspeptic patients who do not meet the criteria, (non-FD patients) and healthy subjects, and investigated the factors that influence HR-QOL. This was a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Two hundred thirty-five patients (126 FD, 87 non-FD) and 111 healthy subjects were investigated, and non-FD patients were subdivided into three groups: 17 patients failing to meet only the disease duration criterion (Group A), 53 patients failing to meet only disease frequency criterion (Group B) and 17 patients failing to meet both the disease duration and frequency criteria (Group C). They completed a questionnaire survey regarding gastrointestinal symptoms (GSRS), QOL and psychological factors, which were compared among three groups. The total GSRS score was significantly higher in FD patients than non-FD patients (p = 0.012), which was higher than the healthy subjects (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the total GSRS score of FD patients was comparable to that of Group A (p = 0.885), which was significantly higher than that of the Group B and C (p = 0.028, p = 0.014, respectively). HR-QOL is more impaired in FD patients than non-FD patients, which was significantly lower than the healthy subjects. That GSRS score in FD and Group A was comparable suggesting that an increased frequency of symptoms may have impact on the impairment of patient’s QOL.
Highlights
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a disorder that presents with dyspepsia without organic diseases [1,2,3,4]
Between April 2020 and April 2021, a questionnaire survey on gastrointestinal symptoms, psychological factors, and health related quality of life (HR-QOL) was conducted in 235 patients who had visited the outpatient clinic complaining of dyspeptic symptoms of four symptoms of Rome IV criteria, and 111 healthy subjects without symptoms
Two hundred thirty-five patients whose chief complaint was dyspepsia (166 patients from university hospital, and 69 patients from eight affiliated hospitals), and 111 healthy subjects who visited the hospital for medical check were administered self-reported questionnaires (GSRS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), social functioning (SF)-8)
Summary
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a disorder that presents with dyspepsia without organic diseases [1,2,3,4]. The Rome criteria are frequently and widely used to define FD, but patients with dyspeptic symptom do not always meet the Rome IV criteria. The Rome IV criteria defines FD as having one or more of the four symptoms (postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain, and epigastric burning) for over six months, with symptoms persisting for the previous three months. A condition that involves the former two of these four symptoms is called postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), which requires symptom frequency for at least three days per week. A condition that involves the latter two is called epigastric pain syndrome (EPS), which requires symptom frequency for at least one day per week [5,6,7,8,9].
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