Abstract
Background and Aim: With the prolonged survival time of patients with liver cancer, these families may face tremendous pressure and development dilemmas that can easily lead to family adaptation crises. Correspondingly, family adaptation crises adversely affect the quality of life of patients and family members. Basing on McCubbin's resilience model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation, and considering the key factors affecting family resilience based on a review of literature, this study involved a construction of a family adaptation influencing factors model in Chinese liver cancer patients, which was then verified and revised.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between August and December 2020. Using convenience sampling, we selected 265 liver cancer families from the liver tumor center of a teaching hospital affiliated with a university in Shanghai, China. Data from 252 patients with liver cancer and their caregivers were used to identify the factors and pathways associated with family adaptation. The relationships were modeled using structural equations.Results: A total of 265 liver cancer families participated in the survey, and 252 valid questionnaires were returned, with a response rate of 95.09%. The pathway regression coefficients of six factors (family burden, individual resilience, family problem-solving and coping, inner family support, outer family social support, and family function) in the model were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05), indicating that all of them were significantly associated with family adaptation. Among them, inner family support, outer family social support, and family function were direct influencing factors, while the others were indirect. The path coefficients of the total effect of the determinants on family adaptation were as follows (from largest to smallest): individual resilience (0.562), family function (0.483), outer family social support (0.345), family burden (−0.300), inner family support (0.293), family problem-solving and coping (0.127).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that clinical nurses should not only pay particular attention to direct influencing factors, develop strategies to strengthen the overall family function, encourage patients and caregivers to utilize inner family and outer family social support, but should also consider indirect influence factors, focus on the vital role of the individual, and promote patients' and caregivers' personal and family coping ability.
Highlights
According to global cancer data in 2020, primary liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with approximately 906,000 new cases and 830,000 deaths in that year [1]
The results showed that the pathway regression coefficients of six factors in the model were statistically significant (P < 0.05), indicating that all of them were significantly associated with family adaptation
We developed a hypothetical model based on the McCubbin family resilience model to explain the factors that affect the family adaptation of patients with liver cancer, as well as tested the effectiveness of the model
Summary
According to global cancer data in 2020, primary liver cancer ( referred to as liver cancer) is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with approximately 906,000 new cases and 830,000 deaths in that year [1]. As reported by Lencioni et al [5], the survival rates of patients with liver cancer reached 70.3, 51.8, and 40.4% in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd years after interventional therapy, respectively. In this situation, many families would be required to coexist with patients with liver cancer for a prolonged period. With the prolonged survival time of patients with liver cancer, these families may face tremendous pressure and development dilemmas that can lead to family adaptation crises. Family adaptation crises adversely affect the quality of life of patients and family members. Basing on McCubbin’s resilience model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation, and considering the key factors affecting family resilience based on a review of literature, this study involved a construction of a family adaptation influencing factors model in Chinese liver cancer patients, which was verified and revised
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