Abstract
BackgroundThe frequent outbreaks of human trichinellosis globally underscore the need to develop effective vaccine. We hypothesized that a novel vaccine could improve vaccine efficacy against Trichinella spiralis.MethodsIn this study, we developed virus-like particles (VLPs) containing the 53 KDa excretory/secretory (ES) protein of T. spiralis and the influenza matrix protein 1 (M1) as a core protein, and investigated the protective efficacy of the VLPs alone or with cholera toxin (CT) in a mouse model.ResultsIntramuscular immunization induced T. spiralis-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a antibody responses before and after challenge infections in the sera. These antibody responses were significantly enhanced in mice immunized with adjuvanted VLPs. Upon challenge infection, vaccinated mice showed significantly reduced worm burden in the diaphragm. Protective immune responses and efficacy of protection were significantly improved by immunization with VLPs together with CT adjuvant.ConclusionsOur results are informative for a better understanding of the protective immunity induced by T. spiralis VLPs, and will provide insight into designing safe and effective vaccines.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1662-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
The frequent outbreaks of human trichinellosis globally underscore the need to develop effective vaccine
We investigated the effect of cholera toxin (CT) as an adjuvant for the virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine
Generation of constructs The T653K gene from T. spiralis Korean isotype was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the influenza matrix protein 1 (M1) gene was amplified by Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with primers containing restriction enzyme sites (Fig. 1a, c)
Summary
The frequent outbreaks of human trichinellosis globally underscore the need to develop effective vaccine. Trichinellosis is a parasitic infection caused by Trichinella spiralis, which is a serious parasitic zoonosis and a globally endemic disease [1,2,3]. Pork and its products are closely associated with outbreaks of human trichinellosis. The global prevalence of trichinellosis is difficult to evaluate, but as many as 11 million people may be infected. The frequent outbreaks of human trichinellosis globally underscore the need to develop an effective vaccine [4,5,6]. The development of vaccines would have significant impact towards the ultimate goal of disease elimination [7, 8]
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