Abstract
ABSTRACT This study was designed to evaluate the extent of the protection for bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 (BVDV-2) infection, afforded by vaccination with a combo inactivated vaccine, which contains bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV). Five 3-4-month-old calves were intramuscularly vaccinated with a single dose of the combo vaccine and boosted with same dose three weeks after the first vaccination, with five mock immunized calves serving as a control group. Twenty-one days after the second vaccination, all calves were challenged with BVDV-2 SX08 strain by spray into nostril. The unvaccinated animals developed typical clinical signs of high rectal temperature, diarrhoea with erosions and a dramatic drop in leukocyte counts. These signs occured markedly less in all vaccinated animals, the rectal temperature, leukopenia and virarmia of which, were significantly less than the mock immunized calves. It can be concluded that vaccination with the combo inactivated vaccine affords cross-protection against clinical effects of a challenge-infection with BVDV-2 SX08 strain, although it was part protection.
Highlights
Bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a major viral pathogen in cattle and causes considerable economic losses throughout the world
Each genotype can be divided into more genetic subgroups, about fifteen genetic subgroups of BVDV type 1 (BVDV-1) and four genetic subgroups of BVDV type 2 (BVDV-2) (Xue et al, 2010)
BVDV-1 infections are more prevalent than the BVDV-2, but the virulence of BVDV-2 is higher than BVDV-1 (Makoschey et al, 2001)
Summary
Bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a major viral pathogen in cattle and causes considerable economic losses throughout the world. Animals, which may appear healthy, as efficient reservoirs were responsible for its ubiquitous presence in cattle populations worldwide (Baker,1995; Moenniq and Becher, 2018). BVDV has been segregated into two genotypes, named type 1 and type 2, by phylogenetic analysis based on comparison of sequences from the 5’-untranslated region of the genome (Ridpath et al, 1994). Each genotype can be divided into more genetic subgroups, about fifteen genetic subgroups of BVDV type 1 (BVDV-1) and four genetic subgroups of BVDV type 2 (BVDV-2) (Xue et al, 2010). The main measures for the prevention and control of the BVDV are vaccination of cattle herd and elimination of PI animals, but the majority of commercial BVDV vaccines contain only
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