Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printed concrete has recently received considerable research attention. In buildings, phase change materials (PCMs) with excellent thermoregulatory properties and thermal storage capacity can improve the insulation capacity of external walls and reduce energy consumption. In this study, microencapsulated paraffin was added to a 3D printable material and a 3D printed phase-change concrete was developed, resulting in good printability and buildability. The compressive and flexural strengths were declined maximally by 44.6% and 37.5%, respectively, with 20 wt% PCM mixed. Results from 3D printed room models proved the thermo-regulated performance by regulating the room temperature when mixed with 20 wt% PCM. With the addition of PCM, 3D printed facilities can have sufficient thermal comfort.
Highlights
Three-dimensional printing is an emerging construction technology for building structures by stacking bondable materials layer-by-layer in a computer-planned path
3D printed concrete could improve the thermal performance of printed building facades and significantly reduce the building energy consumption
The water–cement ratios were 0.42, 0.60, and 0.72, for MIX-00, MIX-10, and MIX-20, respectively, to balance the workability and printability of the mixtures because the micro-capsuled PCM (MPCM) absorbs free water owing to its small particle size and large specific surface area
Summary
Three-dimensional printing is an emerging construction technology for building structures by stacking bondable materials layer-by-layer in a computer-planned path. The open time requires printing materials to maintain good workability throughout the printing process Admixtures, such as thixotropic agents [4] and thickeners [5], can improve the printability and buildability of materials. Concrete structures mixed with phase-change materials (PCMs) exhibit thermal regulation performance in conventional concrete preparation. By mixing PCMs in concrete, a phase-change concrete can be prepared to store a large amount of thermal energy when the ambient temperature rises and release it when the temperature decreases, thereby maintaining the concrete structure within the appropriate temperature range. Papadaki [11] estimated the environmental performance of a house model with PCMs using life cycle analysis methodology He found that PCMs have the advantage of requiring lower energy inputs to maintain a thermally comfortable in-home environment. Combined with the advantages of energy-efficient and moldless 3D printing technology, 3D printed phase change concrete has excellent research value and application prospects. PCM was introduced in the 3D printing technology to reveal its influence on printable materials, including the mechanical properties and thermal regulation performance of 3D printed results, by mixing 10% and 20% PCM into a developed printable material
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