Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate different types of cancer and its chemotherapy in various ethnic groups of Pakistan. Ethnic groups includes, Pukhtoons, Punjabis, Sindhis, Muhajirs, Siraikis, Memoons, Hazaras, Hindkos, Baltis, Gilgitis, Kashmiris, and Afghanis. The data was collected from well reputed hospitals located in the different provinces of Pakistan. The collected data was taken from 15 hospitals where around 8500 patients visited during 2010 to 2017. From the visited patients, 8356 were analyzed for their ethnicity, age and sex while, 144 patients (male 77 and female 67) were excluded from analysis due to incomplete information or loss of follow-up. Among 8356 patients, 3762 were male (45%) whereas, 4594 were female (55%). The chemotherapy was carried out as per National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines (NCCN- guidelines). The most common five prevalent cancer among these ethnic groups were Head and Neck, Blood, Respiratory, Genito-urinary and Breast cancer. The most common cancer in female was breast cancer while, head and neck cancer was more prevalent in male. It can be concluded that the prevalence of cancer in Pakistan is very alarming, which may be due to lack of awareness, illiteracy, lack of national cancer control programs, and economics issues.
Highlights
Humans have been aware of cancer since ancient time in spite of the fact that the word of cancer was not used
On the basis of data obtained from patient’s records, stratification was done to determine the incidences of cancer in each gender and ethnic groups like, Pukhtoons, Punjabis, Sindhis, Muhajirs (Urban sindhi), Siraikis, Memoons, Hazaras, Hindkos, Baltistan (GB) province (Baltis), Gilgitis, Kashmiris, Afghanis, and unknown ethnicity of province of Punjab, Sindh and KPK
The present study indicated the chemotherapy and incidence of cancer among all ethnic groups in Pakistan. 8500 patients visited fifteen hospitals all across the Pakistan, out of which 8356 patient’s data were considered
Summary
Humans have been aware of cancer since ancient time in spite of the fact that the word of cancer was not used. The term cancer was first used by the Greek physician Hippocrates (460-370 BC). Galen was the primary researcher who utilized word “oncos” (In Greek, swelling) for description of tumors whereas, the term of Hippocrate and Celcus are utilized to. The ultimate goal is to remove the cancer completely without damaging the other parts of body. Cancer is basically a class of disorder marked by uncontrolled proliferation of cells which have the potential to interfere with different systems of body. When tumor cells grow and effectively spread to other body parts and potentially invade and damage healthy tissues they show various degrees of malignancy. An efforts has been made to evaluate the prevalence of cancer and its chemotherapy in different ethnic groups of Pakistan, in order to take preventive measures
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