Evaluation of Preemergence and Postemergence Herbicide Programs on Weed Control and Weed Seed Suppression in Mississippi Peanut (Arachis hypogea)

John W Seale,Jeffrey Gore,Bobby R Golden,Jason A Bond,Taghi Bararpour

doi:10.3390/agronomy10081058

John W Seale, Jeffrey Gore + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081058

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Abstract

Weed control and reducing weed seed deposition to the soil seedbank is a challenging issues for Mississippi peanut producers. Research was established during 2017 and 2018 at the Delta Research and Extension Center in Stoneville, Mississippi, to evaluate herbicide programs for weed control and reducing weed seed production in Mississippi peanut production. Treatments were combinations of acetochlor, clethodim, flumioxazin, lactofen, paraquat, and S-metolachlor with their respective adjuvants if needed. Treatments were applied PRE, two to three weeks after emergence (EPOST), and/or four to five weeks after emergence (MPOST). All treatments included a PRE application followed by (fb) application of EPOST and/or MPOST application. Flumioxazin PRE fb lactofen plus clethodim MPOST provided greater than or equal to (≥) 88% control of barnyardgrass, hemp sesbania, Palmer amaranth, pitted morningglory, and prickly sida. Additionally, this treatment reduced total weed seed production 88% compared to the nontreated control. Flumioxazin PRE fb lactofen plus clethodim EPOST fb acetochlor MPOST provided similar weed control and peanut yield as flumioxazin PRE fb lactofen plus clethodim MPOST. This treatment reduced total weed seed production 93%. Treatments containing PRE, EPOST, and MPOST herbicide applications provided the best season-long control of weeds and weed seed suppression in Mississippi peanut.

Highlights

Weed control is essential for maximizing peanut yield [1,2]
Fb lactofen plus clethodim MPOST provided greater than or equal to (≥) 88% control of barnyardgrass, hemp sesbania, Palmer amaranth, pitted morningglory, and prickly sida. This treatment reduced total weed seed production 88% compared to the nontreated control
Research has suggested a relationship between crops and weeds resulting in peanut yield loss from weed interference [3,4,5]

Summary

Introduction

Weed control is essential for maximizing peanut yield [1,2]. Competitive nature and allelopathic interactions are major characteristics of weeds that influence crop yield [1]. Research has suggested a relationship between crops and weeds resulting in peanut yield loss from weed interference [3,4,5]. The relationship between crops and weeds can be explained by the critical period for weed control (CPWC) [6]. The CPWC is the period of time during the crop growth cycle in which weeds must be controlled to prevent peanut yield loss ≥5% [2,6,7]. Studies have reported the first three to five weeks of the growing season without weed competition will allow maximum crop yields if environmental conditions are favorable [8]. Studies have reported peanuts kept weed free six weeks after planting had no yield loss when weeds emerged later [3]

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