Abstract
Purpose of this study is to estimate rice yield on a plot basis with use of satellite data and field investigation data and to calculate potential quantity of rice straw to be utilized as a raw material for biofuel production in Bali, Indonesia. In addition, for continuous supply of rice straw by farmers to a biofuel producer, it is absolutely necessary to investigate farmer’s interest, behavior and potential issues to solve. For this investigation, an interview was made to the subak heads. The subak is a traditional social organization consisting of farmers for managing irrigation and agriculture in the farmers’ village.The created estimation equation of rice yield had NDVI from SPOT satellite data as a predictor and was significant at 1% level. Based on the rice yield estimated through the equation and the paddy area, quantity of rice straw to be available and quantity of bioethanol to be produced were estimated. In case of Kediri, the rice straw quantity was 42,274 t/year and the ethanol quantity was 12,682 kl.On the other hand, the handling of rice straw after harvesting was leaving/putting back to soil or burning, which accounted for 76% of the rice straw. Concerning a price of rice straw, about 60% of farmers expressed their willingness to sell at 100 rupiah (1 cent US$) per kg, and about 88% including people saying high probability seemed to think this price would be as an adequate level of sales price. Through the interview work, it becomes clear that, when some issues such as price of rice straw are settled, farmers are positive to selling of rice straw for production of biofuel.For realizing bioethanol production from rice straw, there still remain some items to be studied further such as production process, transportation and storage system and costs. The result of our study suggests that a proposal for improvement of stable production can be made through rice yield estimation and monitoring using satellite data and that rice straw can be supplied as a promising resource of raw material for bioethanol production. This is considered to contribute the promotion of activity to reach the national goal of bioethanol production in future.
Highlights
Use of biofuel has been actively promoted from viewpoints of reduction of greenhouse gas discharge and creation of new jobs in developing countries (Ramamurthi et al, 2016; Quispe et al, 2017; Singh, 2016)
The result of our study suggests that a proposal for improvement of stable production can be made through rice yield estimation and monitoring using satellite data and that rice straw can be supplied as a promising resource of raw material for bioethanol production
The biofuel from food such as grain crops has caused much controversy among various international organizations like OECD and FAO, researchers and experts in many countries about substantial influence over the agricultural market including sharp rise in price due to competitive relation between the biofuel and the food supply. This controversy and analysis of influence to change in price and production of agricultural products and the food security are described in many reports such as De Gorter et al (2016), Enciso et al (2016), and McFarlane (2016)
Summary
Use of biofuel has been actively promoted from viewpoints of reduction of greenhouse gas discharge and creation of new jobs in developing countries (Ramamurthi et al, 2016; Quispe et al, 2017; Singh, 2016). The biofuel from food such as grain crops has caused much controversy among various international organizations like OECD and FAO, researchers and experts in many countries about substantial influence over the agricultural market including sharp rise in price due to competitive relation between the biofuel and the food supply. This controversy and analysis of influence to change in price and production of agricultural products and the food security are described in many reports such as De Gorter et al (2016), Enciso et al (2016), and McFarlane (2016). In Brazil, Amazon rainforest is destroyed and converted to the farm land to increase production of crops as a raw material for biofuel production, which results in serious negative influence over to the environment
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