Abstract
Romanian traditional medicine describes the use of aerial parts of Fumaria species to treat hepatobiliary diseases as well as diuretic agents. The present study aims to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and diuretic effects of several Fumaria species. LC/MS analysis revealed that Fumaria species contain phenolic acids and high amounts of flavonoids with rutin and isoquercitrin as main compounds. Concerning antioxidant capacity, the most significant results were obtained for F. capreolata and F. vailantii. Both species showed a good correlation between the antioxidant capacity and a high amount of flavonoids. Furthermore, the extracts of F. officinalis and F. schleicheri produced a strong increase in urinary volumetric excretion of saline-loaded rats, 24 h after the oral administration of a single dose of 250 mg/kg bw. Moreover, both extracts of F. officinalis and F. schleicheri increased the urinary excretion of Na+ and K+. Results from the present study offer a new perspective concerning the chemical composition and bioactivities of traditionally used fumitory species.
Highlights
Fumaria genus (Papaveraceae family) comprises about 60 species [1] and is widely spread throughout the entire European continent, being found especially in the Mediterranean region, and Eastern and Western Europe [2]
The results obtained for the polyphenol quantification of the analyzed extracts are presented in Table 1, in the order of their retention times
Our results showed a significant diuretic effect associated with an increase in urinary excretion of electrolytes in saline-loaded Charles River Wistar (Crl):WI rats treated orally with the extracts from F. officinalis (FOE)
Summary
Fumaria genus (Papaveraceae family) comprises about 60 species [1] and is widely spread throughout the entire European continent, being found especially in the Mediterranean region, and Eastern and Western Europe [2]. The Fumaria species present a high risk of confusion due to their similar characters [3]. Identification of the species belonging to this genus is based on several specific morphological characters: presence or absence of the sepals, their length, shape of the fruit, length of the fruit pedicel, and length of the fruit pedicel bracteole [3,4]. Other sources cite the antifungal [6], antibacterial [7], and anti-inflammatory [8] activities of these species. These activities are especially due to the isoquinolinic alkaloids, among which protopine is the most frequently found [9]. Besides the isoquinolinic alkaloids in their composition, Fumaria species have proved
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