Abstract
We prepared polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and urchin-like Ag–Au bimetallic or Ag nanoparticle-decorated PAN nonwoven mats using electrospinning and evaluated them in vitro and in vivo for wound healing, antibacterial effects on skin tissue, and promotion of bone ingrowth in vitro. A facile, green, low-temperature protocol was developed to obtain these nonwoven mats. The sterilization rate of urchin-like Ag–Au bimetallic and Ag nanoparticle-decorated PAN nonwoven mats against Staphylococcus aureus was 96.81 ± 2.81% and 51.90 ± 9.07%, respectively, after 5 h treatment. In an in vitro cell model, these two mats did not show significant toxicity; cell viability of >80% was obtained within 5 h of treatment. In vivo animal model preclinical assessment showed that the urchin-like Ag–Au bimetallic nonwoven mat group showed significant wound recovery because of sebaceous gland, hair follicle, and fat formation during skin tissue regeneration; increased neovascularization and compact collagen fibers were observed in the dermal layer, comparable to the findings for the control group. The mother substrate of the urchin-like Ag–Au bimetallic nanoparticle-decorated PAN nonwoven mats, that is, pure PAN nonwoven mats, was found to be a potential scaffold for bone tissue engineering as osteoblast ingrowth from the top to the bottom of the membrane and proliferation inside the membrane were observed. The key genetic factor Cbfa1 was identified as a key osteoblast differentiation regulator in vitro. Thus, electrospun membrane materials show potential for use as dual-functional biomaterials for bone regeneration and infection control and composite grafts for infectious bone and soft tissue defects.
Highlights
Silver (Ag) is a powerful bactericidal substance that has been used since ancient times.Recent studies have revealed three plausible mechanisms underlying its antimicrobial effects: First, absorption of free Ag ions followed by disruption of ATP production and DNA replication
Reduction in diameter in other three samples, respectively. This significant decrease could be attributed to the prominent promotion of conductivity of the stock solution noted after the Ag and Au precursors were added
Together, these results suggest osteoblasts survive and may proliferate in
Summary
Silver (Ag) is a powerful bactericidal substance that has been used since ancient times.Recent studies have revealed three plausible mechanisms underlying its antimicrobial effects: First, absorption of free Ag ions followed by disruption of ATP production and DNA replication. AgNP technology has been used in various processes and products [1]; AgNPs can be used in liquid form, such as gels, suspension coatings, and sprays, added to a solid matrix such as polymeric substrates, or suspended in a solid such as soap They can be incorporated into fiber spinning or filtration membranes for water-purification systems [2]. From the different types of solid matrix material available, electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) has been widely investigated owing to its thermal stability, chemical resistance, and enhanced mechanical properties [3]. It has been widely used as a filter material, as well as for nanocomposites and other applications [4,5,6]. PAN is inert, strong, and stable, making it a suitable matrix material for biomaterial production for musculoskeletal systems, such as for promoting bone growth and wound healing [7]
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