Abstract
Water pollution is one of the most critical global issues. Meanwhile, the problem of water pollution of rivers especially in Iran is rising due to expansion of agricultural and industrial applications. Due to a large number of sewer catchments, there are some dam reservoirs like ZHAVE in Iranian state of Kurdistan that have not been able to collect significant amount of water since last 10 years. Removal of heavy metals as contaminants from runoffs and recycling of water is a necessity and a vital issue in the world. Various methods and standards are invented and used to isolate and remove all types of pollutants. This study focuses on the purification and removal of contaminants in water sources using the phytoremediation method by introducing Vetiver grass species in the case of floating treatment wetland (FTW). This study’s preliminary purpose is to investigate a practical remedial solution and improvement methodology for the water quality of reservoirs and rivers by growing the floating Vetiver island method. The results show that following parameters such as COD by 97%, TN by 90%, phosphorus by 66%, TDS by 26%, and evapotranspiration by 40% were reduced. Therefore, we concluded that for a wastewater with varying neutrient concentrations such as in ZHAVE dam, concentration of nutrients N and P was controlled and consequently inhibition and prevention of the eutrophication of water resources in the medium and long term became possible due to reduction in the rate of evaporation from reservoirs.
Highlights
Floating treatment wetland (FTW) is a suitable wastewater treatment system for developing countries in the tropics, which requires access to land and high temperatures for biodegradation [1]. ese wetlands can treat municipal, domestic, industrial wastewater, aquaculture wastewater, and so on [2,3,4]
E correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.99, which indicates that the fitting model follows the data very well. e equation of the first-order polynomial model resulting from the analysis of the test results is as follows: chemical oxygen demand (COD) 161.97 − 83.5A + 159.66B + 456.36C + 201.43D
The COD value decreases with increasing temperature at pH 7.5. e lowest COD value was obtained at 26.2°C and EC 500 cm/μs over 31 days
Summary
Floating treatment wetland (FTW) is a suitable wastewater treatment system for developing countries in the tropics, which requires access to land and high temperatures for biodegradation [1]. ese wetlands can treat municipal, domestic, industrial wastewater, aquaculture wastewater, and so on [2,3,4]. Many practical studies and various purification methods have been conducted to investigate the possibility of reusing wastewater to irrigate agricultural lands [5,6,7,8,9]. Plant-based water treatment methods are effective, cost-effective, and sustainable [10]. Vetiver has been studied and used by various researchers to treat different types of wastewater [13,14,15,16,17,18]. E Vetiver system (VS), as a new phytoremediation method based on Vetiver grass, was recognized for the first time in 1995 due to its “super absorbent” properties suitable for leachate and effluent produced disposal from landfills and wastewater treatment plants in Australia [19] Vetiver has been studied and used by various researchers to treat different types of wastewater [13,14,15,16,17,18]. e Vetiver system (VS), as a new phytoremediation method based on Vetiver grass, was recognized for the first time in 1995 due to its “super absorbent” properties suitable for leachate and effluent produced disposal from landfills and wastewater treatment plants in Australia [19]
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