Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the phytochemicals, antioxidants, antidiabetic, and biocompatibility of methanolic extract and its various solvent fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, methanol/water) of Gynura procumbens (GP). Among the extract/fractions, ethyl acetate fraction (EA-F) exhibited the higher total phenol content (88.52 ± 1.21 GAE μg/g) and total flavonoid content (51.69 ± 1.16 QE μg/g) with higher DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, and enzyme inhibition activities. The IC50 of GP-EA-F were 144 ± 12.1 μg/mL for DPPH scavenging, 72 ± 2 μg/mL for ABTS+ scavenging, 90.7 ± 2.5 μg/mL for α-glucosidase inhibition and 136 ± 4 μg/mL for α-amylase inhibition. Also, GP-EA-F augmented the glucose uptake in insulin-resistant (IR) HepG2 cells. Besides, the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC/QTOF-MS/MS) analysis revealed the presence of phytochemicals including kaempferol, quercetin, caffeoyl-O-hexoside, caffeoylquinic acid, coumaroyl-O-hexoside, and coumaroylquinic acid in GP-EA-F. Further, the molecular docking analysis demonstrated the strong molecular interaction between the digestive enzymes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase) and selected molecules. Hence, this work concluded that GP-EA-F contains potent antidiabetic molecules which deserved further isolation, purification, and pharmacological studies.
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