Abstract
Evaluation of Phase Feeding Strategies and Lysine Specifications for Grow-Finish Pigs on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics
Highlights
The optimal concentration of nutrients required by growing pigs generally decreases over the growing-finishing period with a phase feeding program used as an attempt to meet the needs of the pigs over the changing requirements
The objective of this study was to compare phase feeding strategies for grow-finish pigs using the estimated lysine requirements for optimal growth and feed efficiency compared to a standard strategy
The treatments consisted of: maximum-growth program (MAX), a 4-phase feeding program with lysine levels for maximum growth (1.13, 0.96, 0.82, and 0.77% SID Lys in Phases 1 to 4, respectively); STD, a standard 4-phase feeding program for optimal income over feed cost (1.02, 0.87, 0.76, and 0.67% SID Lys in Phases 1 to 4, respectively); STD/ MAX, a 4-phase feeding program based on standard lysine levels in early finishing and lysine levels for maximum growth in late finishing (1.02, 0.87, 0.82, and 0.77% SID Lys in Phases 1 to 4, respectively); and 2-PHASE, a 2-phase feeding program based on the average estimated lysine requirements for maximum growth with 0.96% SID lysine for Phases 1 to 3 and 0.77% SID lysine during Phase 4
Summary
The optimal concentration of nutrients required by growing pigs generally decreases over the growing-finishing period with a phase feeding program used as an attempt to meet the needs of the pigs over the changing requirements. In commercial production, phase feeding is thought to improve economics and reduce nitrogen excretion by more closely meeting the pig’s nutrient requirements compared to feeding fewer phases.[3] in practice, it is challenging to accurately estimate feed intake and deliver the optimal concentration of nutrients required for growth at each stage of the finishing period. Lysine is the first limiting amino acid in typical swine diets and is involved in optimal growth and lean deposition.[4] Approaches to estimate the lysine requirement with prediction equations have been focused on either maximizing growth rate and feed efficiency,[5] or optimizing income over feed cost.[6,7] The objective of this study was to compare phase feeding strategies for grow-finish pigs and determine their effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and economics
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