Evaluation of Pest Control Based on Morphological Character Variation on 20 Varieties and Genetic Variation Based on RAPD of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Indonesia

Abstract

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is the main crop of sugar and one of the main resources for consumption of Indonesian society. Government of Indonesia, which supports self-sufficiency targeting enough amount of sugar, high quality and low price in Indonesia. Indonesian Sweetener and Fibre Crops Research Institute (ISFRI) Malang are one of research site agriculture in Indonesia which specialize in sugarcane start from various researches to increase sugar cane production including sugarcane cultivation. Constraints that often encountered farmers in the process of sugarcane cultivation are a disruption of pest disease. Therefore, early prevention as an effort to control pests and diseases in sugarcane crops needed. Aims of this research were to find character of high quality sugar cane as a breeder of new varieties that are superior and resistant to pests and to analysis genetic variation of 20 varieties sugarcane based on RAPD molecular marker. This research was conducted in KP Karangploso, ISFRI Malang, East Java. The method used is observation and identification on germplasm of sugarcane; each variety was analysed descriptively and numerical phenetic with the similarity of simple matching coefficient (Ssm) and simple Jaccard coefficient (Sj). The character of each variety of germplasm had its own advantages. Genetic variation based on RAPD of 20 varieties shown taxonomical relation between varieties. The results showed that 20 varieties of characterized sugarcane morphology that expected tolerant of pest were in the upstream form of the cylindrical trunk segment, the moderate stem borders, the thick stem wick coat, the thick dorsal leaf hair, and the leaf exfoliate difficult. Variety of sugarcane number accession 475 SOFF 1208 shown the best pest tolerant morphologically and has the lowest percentage of pest attack to 0.29%. The result of ssm and sj shown that breeders suggested in the form of new varieties that are superior and resistant to pests according to most tolerant variety 475 SOFF 1208 are 350 SOFF 1082, 357 SOFF 1089, 360 SOFF 1092, 368 SOFF 1100, 454 SOFF 1186, 473 SOFF 1205, and 476 SOFF 1208.