Abstract
Paved surfaces must reliably bear heavy loads, often under challenging environmental and geotechnical conditions. These requirements are addressed through the use of high-quality, newly produced materials in pavement design. However, in remote locations, newly produced materials are often expensive or unavailable, making waste or alternative materials more attractive. Waste materials can be used in their natural condition but are more commonly stabilised or otherwise improved to meet performance targets. However, this practice can incorporate unwarranted risk into pavement design solutions. The decision to use waste materials in a pavement is a balance between technical risk, maintenance liability, available materials, environmental emissions and capital cost. This study reviews the use of waste materials in pavement design and construction. Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials and processed waste plastic for pavement construction are considered. Additionally, blast furnace slag (BFS) and waste glass in pavement construction are evaluated. This review focuses on the effects of alternative materials on the properties of asphalt pavement. The results indicate that RAP is acceptable as an alternative material, while BFS, waste plastic and waste glass can be used under specific conditions. Also, the current and future challenges for the use of waste materials in the pavement industry are discussed.
Highlights
The productivity and efficiency of transportation infrastructure assets significantly depends on the structural and functional performance of pavement networks, including highways, airports and ports
Use of warm mix asphalt (WMA) is an effective mechanism for incorporating waste materials in asphalt production more frequently, an end which is in harmony with the goals of sustainable pavement construction
Four different waste materials used for pavement construction were reviewed
Summary
The productivity and efficiency of transportation infrastructure assets significantly depends on the structural and functional performance of pavement networks, including highways, airports and ports. To reduce the environmental impact of pavement design and construction, increasing the sustainability of paving materials and construction technologies is desired. One of most effective approaches for the construction of sustainable pavement is the use of waste materials such as reclaimed, recycled and waste products. The following factors must be considered when incorporating waste materials into pavement construction: 1.1. Pavements can be separated into three primary types: rigid (concrete), flexible (asphalt) and hybrid (stabilised cement and surfaced asphalt). The load-bearing capacity of concrete block paving systems is based on horizontal, vertical and rotational interlocking, whereas in concrete pavements, it depends on the slab-action of the concrete. Asphalt ageing and progressive interlocking due to compaction and field densification are factors influencing the load-bearing capacity of asphalt surfaces
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