Abstract
Objectives:The Pb non-biodegradability results in bioaccumulation in living organisms causing serious health disorders. The present study aimed to investigate the capacity of Pb (II) adsorption in aqueous solutions using theBrassica nigraspecies as biosorbent.Methods:The present study was conducted using a synthetic solution with three Pb (II) concentrations (5, 15, and 30 ppm). TheB. nigrawas suitably treated until it became dry particles. After sifting it, three ranges of grain sizes were obtained. Samples of dry particles were analyzed before and after the biosorption to analyze their topography (SEM), as well as the elements on their surface (EDS). The influence of different operating variables on the biosorption of Pb (II) were analyzed. Kinetics of Pb (II) biosorption was analyzed with pseudo first and second order models. The biosorption in the equilibrium was studied with the Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm models.Results:The biosorbentB. nigrashowed to be efficient for the adsorption of Pb (II). The most influential variables in the adsorption were pH, particle size, and biosorbent/solution ratio. The optimum pH for the adsorption of lead was 5 and removed 82.10% of lead from solution at 5 ppm, 82.24% at 15 ppm and 57.95% at 30 ppm. The results for the particle size between 177 and 297 μm were 82.65% for 5 ppm, 73.71% for 15 ppm, and 53.54% for 30 ppm. The biosorbent/solution ratio of 0.6 mg/mL or the 30 mg dose of biosorbent removed 80.26% for 5 ppm, 79.32% for 15 ppm, and 59.87% for 30 ppm. Biosorption isothermal data could be well interpreted by the Langmuir model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 53.476 mg/g of lead ion onB. nigrastem and roots biomass. The kinetic experimental data was properly correlated with the second-order kinetic model (R2= 0.9997). Thus, the best desorbing agent was HNO3(0.1N) for Pb (II) desorption.Conclusion:Our study showed that the herbB. nigra, without any chemical treatment, can be used to remove heavy metals such as Pb (II) from water and aqueous solution.
Highlights
Air, water, life, and technology are strongly interconnected [1, 2]
The topography of biosorbent was analyzed with a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM, HITACHI, model SU8230), and a semi-quantitative determination of the elements present on the surface of the initial biosorbent was performed by Energy - Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), an analysis technique that is incorporated
The biosorbent was used without any chemical treatment presenting biosorption capacities and % removal of 6.86 mg/g or 80.26%, 17.98 mg/g or 79.32% and 26.79 mg/g or 59.87% for 5 ppm, 15 ppm and 30 ppm of Pb (II), respectively
Summary
Water, life, and technology are strongly interconnected [1, 2]. Technology refers to the ways in which humans do and make things with materials and energy. Lead can enter the environment through release from mining lead [8, 12, 13], and other metals, and from factories that make or use lead, lead alloys, or lead compounds. Acute exposure mainly occurs in the workplace and in some manufacturing industries which make use of lead [20] Lead has major effects on different parts of the body. Inorganic lead arising from a number of industrial and mining sources occurs in water in the +2-oxidation state [1]. Biosorption has emerged as a potential and promising solution to remove toxic heavy metals from water and wastewater [26]. Diverse waste materials have been used as low-cost biosorbents for heavy metals from water solutions [31] such as lead, etc [16, 26, 32 -
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