Abstract
Background Anticoagulants continue to pose high risk of harm to patients despite the discovery of novel direct-acting oral anticoagulant agents that require less monitoring than warfarin. Objective To evaluate patients’ knowledge about their oral anticoagulants and the potential role for community pharmacists in optimising safety. Setting Community pharmacies in England. Methods An online survey-based evaluation conducted over a 5-month period to ascertain patients’ knowledge, use of anticoagulant alert cards, compliance with national monitoring requirements for warfarin, and frequency and nature of community pharmacist involvement in optimisation. Differences between patients on direct-acting oral anticoagulant agents and warfarin were assessed using Chi squared tests. Main outcome measure Patients’ knowledge and use of anticoagulant alert cards. Results A total of 1515 pharmacies participated. Of 22,624 patients, 97% knew that they were taking anticoagulants; 20% had alert cards with them at time of dispensing; 17% had no card and 10% refuted their usefulness. Patients on warfarin were more aware of interactions with over-the-counter or herbal medicines than those on direct-acting oral anticoagulant agents. Of the patients on warfarin, 82% confirmed monitoring in the previous 12 weeks in accordance with national standards, with the international normalised ratio value known for 76%. Pharmacists intervened in a fifth of the patients to issue an alert card, contact the general practitioner for a change in the prescription or due to interacting medicines. Conclusion Patients had reasonable knowledge of their anticoagulation therapy, but areas for improvement were identified. Community pharmacists are well placed to optimise the safe use of anticoagulants.
Highlights
Use of anticoagulants has increased over the years with an overall 134.7% increase in the number of anticoagulant prescriptions dispensed between 2006 and 2016 in England [1]
Few patients carry anticoagulant alert cards; pharmacists should provide these at point of dispensing to help address knowledge gaps and identify safety concerns
Information provision is important for patients on direct-acting oral anticoagulant agents, who may be less aware of the nature of and reason for their anticoagulant treatment
Summary
Use of anticoagulants has increased over the years with an overall 134.7% increase in the number of anticoagulant prescriptions dispensed between 2006 and 2016 in England [1]. Anticoagulants continue to pose high risk of harm to patients despite the discovery of novel direct-acting oral anticoagulant agents that require less monitoring than warfarin. Objective To evaluate patients’ knowledge about their oral anticoagulants and the potential role for community pharmacists in optimising safety. Methods An online survey-based evaluation conducted over a 5-month period to ascertain patients’ knowledge, use of anticoagulant alert cards, compliance with national monitoring requirements for warfarin, and frequency and nature of community pharmacist involvement in optimisation. Patients on warfarin were more aware of interactions with over-the-counter or herbal medicines than those on direct-acting oral anticoagulant agents. Pharmacists intervened in a fifth of the patients to issue an alert card, contact the general practitioner for a change in the prescription or due to interacting medicines
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