Abstract
Connectors are significant contributors to passive intermodulation (PIM) in microwave systems. In this letter, a generalized network method is presented for evaluating the PIM from multiple connectors. Taking a structure composed of two connectors and a transmission line as an example, a generalized network model describing both linear and nonlinear relationships is developed and an expression of the third-order PIM is given. Finally, PIM measurements of a microstrip line with two subminiature version A (SMA) connectors are reported to validate the network model.
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