Abstract
Different types of vaccines against Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) are commercially available. Among these, inactivated glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted marker vaccines are commonly used, but their ability to induce passive immunity is poorly known. Here, we evaluated the passive immunity transferred from dams immunised with commercial inactivated gE-deleted marker vaccines to calves. We vaccinated 12 pregnant cattle devoid of neutralising antibodies against Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and divided them into two groups with 6 animals each. Both groups were injected with a different inactivated gE-deleted marker vaccine administrated via intranasal or intramuscular routes. An additional 6 pregnant cattle served as the unvaccinated control group. After calving, the number of animals in each group was increased by the newborn calves. In the dams, the humoral immune response was evaluated before calving and, subsequently, at different times until post-calving day 180 (PCD180). In addition, the antibodies in colostrum, milk, and in serum samples from newborn calves were evaluated at different times until PCD180. The results indicated that inactivated glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted marker vaccines are safe and produce a good humoral immune response in pregnant cattle until calving and PCD180. Moreover, results showed that, in calf serum, passive immunity persists until PCD180.
Highlights
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) causes various clinical syndromes among cattle populations, including respiratory disease, vaginitis, balanoposthitis, abortions, enteritis, and encephalitis, which may be observed after acute infection or subsequent to viral recrudescence, following periods of stress [1,2]
In Italy, a national surveillance plan for Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) is only active for autochthonous cattle breeds and recommends the use of marker vaccines to decrease IBR seroprevalence [19]
It is widely known that marker vaccines induce a marked humoral and cell-mediated immune response [11,20]; only little information is available regarding passive immunity induced by these vaccines
Summary
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) causes various clinical syndromes among cattle populations, including respiratory disease, vaginitis, balanoposthitis, abortions, enteritis, and encephalitis, which may be observed after acute infection or subsequent to viral recrudescence, following periods of stress [1,2]. In Europe, glycoprotein E (gE) of BoHV-1 is the gene marker that is most commonly deleted in modified live or inactivated BoHV-1 DIVA (differentiating infected from vaccinated animals) vaccines [6,7]. This type of immunisation makes it possible to differentiate animals immunised with marker vaccines (gE negative) from those infected or inoculated with traditional non-deleted vaccines (gE positive) through diagnostic tests specific for BoHV-1 gE [4,8,9]. Marker vaccines administered both intramuscularly and intranasally induce a marked humoral and cell-mediated immune responses [11], little information is available regarding the induction of passive immunity
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